声乐的有效教学探析

长期以来，我国声乐教学一直存在着教学观念陈旧、教学简单、教学手段落后、师资水平参差不齐等诸多问题，导致声乐课堂教学效率低、人才培养周期长，甚至最终难以成才，严重地阻碍了我国大批声乐人才的脱颖而出。因此，必须大力提倡并实施有效的声乐教学。     

论“已经依法证明的事实”之法律适用

法院对待证事实的直接认定,关系到当事人主观举证责任的承担。行政诉讼司法解释证据规则中,对"已经依法证明的事实"范围,并不明确,法官的自由裁量权未免太大,其对诉讼主体侵权的机会也就大大增加。未来统一证据法典中,除规定生效的人民法院裁判文书、仲裁机构裁决文书确认的事实以及有效公证文书所证明的事实可以直接认定外,把有效具体行政行为认定的事实归为"已经依法证明的事实",是行政权之国家权力的体现和要求,同时,明确规定"已经依法证明的事实"之证明要件,使法院对该事实的认定更具有可操作性和统一性,更好地维护当事人的合法权益。     

The contribution of the psychosocial work environment to sickness absence in human service workers: Results of a 3-year follow-up study

We investigated to what extent psychosocial work characteristics predict sickness absence in a cohort of 890 human service professionals (84% women), followed-up for 3 years. We measured 16 different psychosocial work characteristics at baseline and analysed their associations with number of sickness absence days at follow-up using multivariate Poisson regression. In addition, we computed a psychosocial work environment index, summarizing eight psychosocial scales. Participants with exposure to violence and threats, high emotional demands, high demands for hiding emotions, low influence at work, low meaning of work, low quality of management, and role conflicts had an increased number of sickness absence days at follow-up, after adjustment for numerous confounders. Adjusting for sickness absence history caused little change in most effect estimates. Scoring in the most adverse quartile of the psychosocial work environment index was associated with a 71% increase in sickness absence days. Improving the psychosocial work environment index and eliminating exposure to violence and threats would have prevented 32% of all sickness absence days in the study population. In particular we found that exposure to violence was a strong predictor of absence. This study shows that a wide range of psychosocial work characteristics contribute to sickness absence in human service workers. Improving the psychosocial work environment might help to reduce sickness absence in this population.     

A Cognitive Approach to Direct Practice with the Aging

The recent prominence of cognitive approaches in psychotherapy and more recently in social casework holds considerable promise for direct practice with olderpersons on both an individual and group basis. Several central concepts in cognitive theory are delineated and found to have particular advantages for the aging. First, they deal with conscious concerns and avoid the dangers of affective or regressive approaches in breaking down defenses. Second, they are heavily concerned with questions of meaning and self-concept, issues that are central to the last stage of life, as delineated by Erikson, and the task of achieving ego integrity over despair. Two case illustrations of the application of a cognitive approach in a group context are given.     

Adolescent Mothers and Depression: Predictors of Resilience and Risk Through the Toddler Years

ABSTRACT

This study investigated predictors of depression in 278 African-American, 206 European-American, and 122 Hispanic teen mothers approximately 36 months after the birth while controlling for depression 14 months after the birth. Predictor variables were age, ethnicity, mastery, knowledge of development, and parental distress. Younger teens were not more depressed than older teens. Although there were not significant differences by ethnicity in 14 month depression, significant differences were evident at 36 months. European-American mothers were the most depressed, whereas Hispanic mothers were the least depressed. Parental distress was positively associated with depression at 36 months while controlling for depression at 14 months. This study provides information for targeting teen mothers at the highest risk for depression through the toddler years, as well as spurs ideas for intervention stategies.     

2008年国际金融危机产生的三大原因分析

2008年源于美国华尔街的金融危机席卷全球,给世界各国的经济政治带来了深远的影响。此次国际金融危机产生的原因有哪些？在众多的原因中,有效需求不足、单一的国际货币体系和新自由主义经济政策、次贷危机这三个方面是最主要的。分析此次金融危机的原因,可以使我们以后的经济社会发展走的更稳更好。     

谈做好高校思想政治工作的有效途径

高校思想政治工作要实现创新 ,必须在思维方式、指导思想、工作方式、管理手段上实现转变 ;还要把思想政治工作与教学、科研、管理工作及其它方面相结合 ,方能取得一定成效     

Issues of Elder Care and Elder Abuse in the Indian Context

Summary

With 7% of the population of India being elderly, two-thirds of whom live in villages and nearly a half of them in poor conditions, the care of the elderly is a difficult problem to be tackled. The dwindling of the joint family, the rise of dual-career families, a possible shift in filial piety values, the increasing life expectancy with greater chances of a prolonged old age characterized by poverty, degeneration, more empty-nest years, and dependency, have all added to the seriousness of the problem and made the elderly more susceptible than ever to abusive treatment. This paper examines these issues as well as the issue of elder abuse in light of available data and suggests some strategies to meet the problem. Also discussed are the problems, stresses, and strains of caregivers of the elderly. A greater role is envisaged for Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) than the state in the care of the elderly, particularly in providing support services to family caregivers.     

低渗储层应力敏感评价方法探讨

应力敏感评价是储层保护以及油气井产能评价的重要依据，尤其对低渗储层更显意义重大。目前国内对油气储层的应力敏感评价方法及标准尚存在争议,通过对国内外曾提出的应力敏感评价     

Assessing the cumulative effects of stress: The association between job stress and allostatic load in a large sample of Chinese employees

Job stress can lead to various system dysfunctions, but until now no reliable biomarkers for its assessment have been identified. Allostatic load (AL) is an index that enables the cumulative effect on the body of chronic stress to be assessed, and is derived from a set of relevant biological measures. In this study, a 13-parameter index (building on the original 10-item index) was used to examine the relationship between job strain and AL. Participants were 1219 healthy Chinese employees. Job strain was measured using the Job Content Questionnaire, and AL was assessed by various possible stress responses, including blood pressure, cholesterol, indicators of glucose metabolism, and hormone and inflammation markers. AL in the high job strain group differed sharply from that in the low job strain group. The AL score was positively associated with age and educational level. Several individual parameters also differed between the two groups. Men scored significantly higher on AL and cardiovascular and metabolic health outcomes, whereas for women the associations appeared in the biological indicators. Analyses indicated that decision latitude (DL) and job demands were significantly related to AL. Job demands correlated significantly with the primary biological indicators and DL with the secondary health outcomes. In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the value of measuring allostatic load in assessing the chronic effects of job stress.