自相似业务流的有效带宽

给出了传统业务流的有效带宽的计算方法和基于自相似业务流的有效带宽的计算方法,分析了分组丢失率、带宽利用率与缓冲区大小之间的关系,指出了网络设计中根据有效带宽进行资源管理的优越性。仿真结果表明,对自相似业务流,基于自相似业务流的有效带宽的计算比基于短相关模型的有效带宽的计算能保证更好的服务质量。     

和谐社会的健康型组织建设

和谐社会建设的对象主要涉及的是人,处理好人与人、人与组织、人与社会和人与自然的关系尤为重要.把关心民众的生理、心理健康作为稳定和谐的评价指标,不断调整执政者的决策行为,才能保证经济增长与社会进步的和谐统一.本文作者认为,可以把健康型组织(Healthy Organization)作为和谐社会构建的评价标准,从社会心理学、组织行为学和人力资源管理的角度,探索我国社会经济转型时期和谐社会建设的影响机制和标准度量问题.作者提出,健康型组织包括正常的心理状态、成功的胜任特征和创新的组织文化三方面.近年来,我国经济建设取得了举世瞩目的高速发展,但是处理好经济发展和社会和谐的关系至关重要,系统地探索我国社会经济转型时期健康型组织建设的影响机制,不仅利于和谐社会的建设,而且有助于管理科学理论自身的知识创新.为此,和谐社会的健康型组织建设可以从如下六方面来开展研究:各类健康型组织的心理行为的健康标准体系;危机事件的社会心理行为预警系统;转型时期劳工冲突的心理行为机制;企业的员工心理援助和压力管理研究;领导者执政能力模型及开发模式研究;健康型组织文化的形成机制研究.最后,本文提出了实施健康型组织建设的几点建议.     

“The Guilt Thing”: Balancing Domestic and Professional Roles

Women’s representation in the workforce has increased dramatically over the past 30 years; yet, women “take a greater responsibility for the care of children” ( Equal Opportunities Commission, 2006 ). Research has suggested working mothers may experience guilt resulting from the social constrictions of a traditional model of intensive mothering ( B. Holcomb, 1998 ). Forty‐two audiotaped conversations of female teachers (n = 8) were collected in a British high school. Qualitative analyses of 3 conversations, in which 5 of the teachers discussed their professional and domestic responsibilities, demonstrated that the participants discursively aligned to 3 dominant interactional positions, accessibility, happiness, and separate spheres ( Y. Elvin‐Novak & H. Thomsson, 2001 ). The analyses also revealed the use of supportive conversational strategies such as co‐complaining and matching accounts.     

The Personal and the Political: Israelis' Perception of Well-Being in Times of War and Peace

This study investigated the perception of personal well-being among different segments of Israeli society for various levels of national stress. The three measures utilized (health worries, happiness, and coping) were derived from 203 surveys of national samples conducted between June 1967 and August 1979 (N = 112,005). Gender, education, age, religiosity, and ethnic origin were correlated with these indicators during periods of low, medium, and high national stress. In general, lower levels of well-being were reported by women, the less educated, the older age groups, the religious, and those of Eastern origin, as predicted. Contrary to expectation, health worries decreased during times of high national stress. The results are discussed in the context of differences between measures of well-being, the intensity of stress on the national level, and the role of each of the above sociodemographic variables as a resource, buffer or handicap, in dealing with stress.     

半刚性路面基面层间剪应力的计算与分析

基面层间推移破坏是目前中、低等级沥青路面典型的早期破坏之一。采用有限元法。对基层和面层之间的剪应力进行系统的计算，分析了路面结构参数和行车荷载的影响，得出了基面层间剪应力变化的一般规律，并提出了一些防治措施。     

关于Y-△等效变换的进一步探析

本文主要对星形联接与三角联接的无源电阻网络的等效变换作了进一探究,使变换公式统一而简单,使复杂的 无源二端电阻网络的化简过程变得更加简单。     

我国民间需求为何启而不动

面对有效需求不足和通货紧缩的严峻局面 ,从 1997年起我国政府先后采取了一系列松动的货币政策和扩张性的财政政策来刺激总需求 ,取得了一定的成效 ,但是民间需求仍然启而不动。经济主体的预期及其反应是影响经济政策运用效果的最直接因素 ,而追根溯源 ,制度又是预期的主要决定因素。因此 ,只有从根本上完善相关制度 ,改善宏观经济运行的大环境 ,才能稳定公众预期 ,使宏观经济政策发挥其应有作用。     

Variables related to psychiatric sick leave taken by Spanish secondary school teachers

This study analyses the relationships of certain sociodemographic, organizational, and personality variables with psychiatric sick leave taken by Spanish secondary school teachers. The sample comprised 200 teachers (84 men and 116 women) divided into two groups. The first group was composed of 100 teachers who had suffered from psychiatric disorders requiring sick leave. The second was a matched control group composed of 100 teachers with no history of psychiatric disorders. Both groups shared the same organizational variables (same centre, town, number of students, etc). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine any relationships and the risk and protection factors for psychiatric sick leave. It is concluded that the most significant variables related to psychiatric sick leave included competitiveness and hostility, as defined by Type A Behaviour Pattern, emotional exhaustion as a factor of burnout, and job dissatisfaction.     

Parental After‐School Stress and Psychological Well‐Being

The mismatch between employed parents’ work schedules and their children's school schedules creates the structural underpinning for an as‐yet‐unstudied stressor, namely, parental after‐school stress, or the degree of parents’ concern about their children's welfare after school. We estimate the relationship between parental after‐school stress and psychological well‐being in a sample of 243 employed parents of children in grades K–12. Parental after‐school stress is related to psychological well‐being. This relationship did not differ by parent gender or child age but was significantly stronger for parents of girls versus boys. Our results suggest that parental after‐school stress is an important stressor that affects the well‐being of a large segment of the work force and warrants further research.     

Testing Karasek's learning and strain hypotheses on young workers in their first job

This study tests the core hypotheses of Karasek's job demand-control model: high job demands (workload) in combination with low job control (autonomy) increase strains (job dissatisfaction; strain hypothesis), whereas high job demands in combination with high job control increase learning and development in the job (here: learning new skills in the first job; learning hypothesis). These hypotheses are tested in two ways: (a) the mere combination of both job characteristics is associated with the expected outcomes, and (b) a statistical interaction between both job characteristics in predicting the outcomes is expected. A large dataset (n=2,212) of young workers in their first job was used to test all hypotheses. As young workers are presumably still in the process of adjusting themselves to their work environment, we expected that the effects of work characteristics on work outcomes would be stronger for this group than for more experienced workers. The results confirm both the strain and the learning hypothesis. We found a combined effect of both job characteristics, as well as a statistical interaction between both variables. The lowest level of job satisfaction was found in the “high strain” job, whereas the highest increase in skills was found in the “active” job. The consequences of these findings for theory and practice are discussed.