制度、制度变迁与经济增长

在经济增长过程中 ,制度及制度变迁发挥着非常巨大的作用。所以 ,一个国家完善其制度是非常重要的 ,这已被西方国家所证明。就是说 ,高速经济增长往往伴随着完善的制度 ,缓慢的经济增长往往伴随着一个不完善的制度。因此 ,我们应该完善我们的制度 ,以促进经济增长。     

现代化的扩散与乡村政治文化的变迁——以改革开放以来安徽和县浏塘村为例

文章遵循从基本理论到实证调查再到一般性结论的研究路径,从实证的角度去描述安徽一个普通村庄因现代化的扩散而导致的乡村政治文化的变迁,从而试图说明现代化的扩散对乡村政治文化变迁的影响。     

新型工业化信息社会对工程师的要求与培养

新型工业化信息社会的发展 ,对各种类型的工程师提出了更高的要求。主要从事高等工程教育的高等工科院校 ,是培养工程师的摇篮。优秀工程师的基础素质培养有赖于工程教育的改革与创新。     

The availability of personal and external coping resources: Thier impact on job stress and employee attitudes during organizational restructuring

This study examines the relationships among personal coping resources, social support, external coping resources, job stressors and job strains in a sample of 110 American Telephone and Telegraph employees undergoing a major organizational restructuring. The study expanded on a model suggested by Ashford (1988) by defining another category of coping resources that employees may draw upon to deal with the stressors and strains which occur during major organizational changes. External coping resources were defined as those which provided employees with a sense of 'vicarious control' in stressful situations. Results indicated that personal coping resources, social support and external coping resources had a direct effect upon job stressor and strain levels. No 'buffering' effect of these coplng resources was found. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that external coping resources added to the prediction of job stressors and strains even when pertonal coping resources and social support were entered first into the prediction questions.     

工程制图课程体系和教学方法改革的思路与实践

在阐述工程制图课程重要和特殊地位的基础上 ,概括指出了目前我国工程制图课程改革的三种教学模式 ,并列举了国外部分院校课程改革的实例 ,总结出教改共识。在明确课程改革基本思想的前提下 ,具体提出课程改革的总体思路和实践过程 :整合课程内容 ,形成新的课程体系 ,构建基础平台 ;改革教学手段 ,更新教学方法 ,保证教学质量 ,提高教学效率     

公路建设项目施工期全程环境管理

通过分析公路施工期公路施工对自然生态、大气、声、水环境以及社会环境的影响,针对公路施工期环境管理的薄弱状态及施工期环境监理尚处于试点研究阶段的现状,提出了公路建设项目施工期全程环境管理的理念,建立施工期全程环境管理制度的思想:承包商、监理、业主及政府环保部门共同承担环保责任的“四位一体”的施工期环境管理模式,并对其内涵进行了分析。这对建立公路建设项目施工期全程环境管理制度、规范施工期的环境管理有着积极的推动作用。     

Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment: Information Tools for Community Adaptation to Changes in Climate or Land Use

To inform local and regional decisions about protecting short-term and long-term quality of life, the Consortium for Atlantic Regional Assessment (CARA) provides data and tools (for the northeastern United States) that can help decision makers understand how outcomes of their decisions could be affected by potential changes in both climate and land use. On an interactive, user-friendly website, CARA has amassed data on climate (historical records and future projections for seven global climate models), land cover, and socioeconomic and environmental variables, along with tools to help decision makers tailor the data for their own decision types and locations. CARA Advisory Council stakeholders help identify what information and tools stakeholders would find most useful and how to present these; they also provide in-depth feedback for subregion case studies. General lessons include: (1) decision makers want detailed local projections for periods short enough to account for extreme events, in contrast to the broader spatial and temporal observations and projections that are available or consistent at a regional level; (2) stakeholders will not use such a website unless it is visually appealing and easy to find the information they want; (3) some stakeholders need background while others want to go immediately to data, and some want maps while others want text or tables. This article also compares what has been learned across case studies of Cape May County, New Jersey, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Hampton Roads, Virginia, relating specifically to sea-level rise. Lessons include: (1) groups can be affected differently by physical dangers compared with economic dangers; (2) decisions will differ according to decision makers' preferences about waiting and risk tolerance; (3) future scenarios and maps can help assess the impacts of dangers to emergency evacuation routes, homes, and infrastructure, and the natural environment; (4) residents' and decision makers' perceptions are affected by information about potential local impacts from global climate change.     

论诺思的制度变迁理论

美国华盛顿大学经济学教授、新经济史学的代表人物诺思的制度变迁理论,在西方经济学界有很大的影响,传入中国后很快为中国大多数经济学家所接受。该理论具有重大的理论价值和实践意义。文章首先介绍制度和制度变迁这两个概念;然后阐述制度变迁理论的主要内容;最后谈该理论对我国改革的启示。     

战后移民与澳大利亚人口变迁

二战后澳大利亚推行大规模的移民计划 ,从非英语国家接纳了大量移民。这促进了澳大利亚人口的快速增长 ,也导致其人口的民族及文化结构和年龄结构的重大变迁。     

清初治滇述论

清朝初年,特别是平定“三藩之乱”后的二三十年间,是云南实现由乱到治的关键时期。清朝统治者在总结和借鉴历代治滇思想和治策的基础上,经过不断调整、充实,逐步形成了一套相对完整的治滇治策体系,其治策涉及云南的政治、经济、文化等领域,较为切合当时社会发展的实际,成为其后清朝统治云南的治边思想和治策。