Communicating Risks and Benefits from Fish Consumption: Impact on Belgian Consumers' Perception and Intention to Eat Fish

Communicating about the health effects of fish and seafood may potentially result in a conflict situation: increasing intake is desirable because of health and nutritional benefits, but higher consumption may also lead to an increased intake of potentially harmful environmental contaminants. In order to anticipate the communication challenge this conflict may pose, the research presented here aimed to assess the impact of risk/benefit communication on Belgian consumers' fish consumption behavior and fish attribute perception. Data were collected in June 2005 from a sample of 381 women, aged between 20 and 50 years. An experimental design consisting of four message conditions (benefit‐only; risk‐only; benefit‐risk; and risk‐benefit) combined with three information sources (fish and food industry; consumer organization; government) was used. Exposure to the benefit‐only message resulted in an increase from a self‐reported fish consumption frequency of 4.2 times per month to an intended fish consumption frequency of 5.1 times per month (+21%), while fish attribute perceptions only marginally improved. The risk‐only message resulted in a strong negative perceptual change in the range of two points on a seven‐point scale. This translated into an 8% decrease of behavioral intention (from eating fish 4.5 times per month to an intention of eating fish 4.1 times per month). Balanced messages referring to both risks and benefits yielded no significant change in behavioral intention, despite a significant worsening of fish attribute perception. The presentation order of benefits and risks in the balanced message showed a tendency to affect both behavioral intention and attribute perception, with the first message component being most influential. Information source did not yield any significant impact either on behavioral intention or on attribute perceptions, independent of the message content. The results from this study provide valuable insights for future risk/benefit and balanced communication about seafood.     

城市水务设施特许经营理论分析

文章运用公共物品理论，分析了城市水务设施具有的基本特征，通过对城市水务设施的几种典型经营模式以及特许经营效率分析，指出城市水务设施实施特许经营，可以解决当前水务设施建设的资金严重不足问题，盘活现有水务企业的资产，引进国内外先进的经营管理机制和运营管理模式，降低经营成本，提高经济效益。有力促进我国城市水务设施发展。     

论公有制经济与非公有制经济的和谐发展

构建社会主义和谐社会,从宏观上看,首先是社会的经济基础和上层建筑之间的和谐。而经济基础本身则依赖于各种不同经济成分之间的和谐。公有制为主体,多种所有制经济共同发展的社会主义基本经济制度就是强调经济基础的和谐,即公有制经济与非公有制经济的和谐发展。     

Intercandidate agenda-setting in presidential elections: Issue and attribute agendas in the 2004 campaign

This study examined the role of political public relations in the process of intercandidate agenda-setting. Specifically, a content analysis of news releases, political speeches, and issue platform statements was conducted to assess the salience of issues and attributes in the 2004 presidential election from the Bush, Kerry, and Nader campaigns. While modest evidence for intercandidate agenda-setting associations regarding issue salience was obtained, more robust support was detected for attribute salience relationships. In light of these findings, the theoretical and practical implications for political public relations are discussed.     

当代大学生心理健康现状分析与对策

当代大学生存在对大学环境不适应、无法承担巨大的求职和就业压力、自我定位出现迷惑等问题,为此,可运用心理学方法和技巧,对大学生进行心理测试,分析和研究他们的心理状况,开展心理咨询活动,教育和引导他们养成良好的人格品质,建立科学的生活方式,树立乐观向上的精神;鼓励他们积极参加业余活动,增强心理自我调节能力,建立和谐的人际关系,使他们成为具有良好心理素质的人才。     

公共需求的传递和满足机制研究

政府职能的实现过程就是政府满足公共需求的过程。在公共需求的传递和满足过程中,公共需求由公众传递给其在议会的代理人——议员,再传递给政府,最后由政府以提供公共产品的形式予以满足。但在这一过程中,由于公众、议员(议会)、政府(官僚)所拥有的利益目标不完全相同,而各方都寻求其自身利益的最大化,在这种多重委托——代理关系下,造成公共需求在传递和满足过程中受到扭曲。其中,同质性公共需求与异质性公共需求在传递和满足过程中所受扭曲程度及影响因素各有不同。     

公安民警心理健康问题、原因与对策

据调查,四川省公安民警中有心理障碍的已达5%,说明公安民警队伍的心理健康问题堪忧。招收公安民警时未作心理素质检查,因而部分民警心理素质“先天”不高;民警工作超负荷,职业风险和压力增大,事业与家庭的矛盾突出,待遇较差等,导致其产生心理问题。因此,应建立公安民警心理健康服务中心和完整的心理训练体系。使民警通过心理咨询,克服心理障碍;通过心理学基本知识的学习和心理控制能力等的训练,提高心理素质。同时,贯彻“从优待警”政策,解除民警的后顾之忧。     

高校不同专业学生的心理健康状况及教育对策

采用团体心理测量的方法,对(2005级)不同专业学生的心理健康状况进行多元方差分析(MANOVN)发现:不同专业学生的心理健康状况,在《中国大学生心理健康量表》(CCSMHS)的十二个纬度(除强迫、社交攻击外),都存在显著差异(p<0.05)。针对这种情况提出了以下对策:加强专业优势与专业特色教育,引导学生用积极乐观的态度来处理问题,同时开展心理健康教育,增强学生的自我调节能力和职业规划教育。     

论湖北文化体制改革的重点

党的十六大突出强调文化建设的重要地位和作用,对文化建设和文化体制改革提出了一系列新的要求。党的十六届三中全会进一步确定了深化文化体制改革的总体思路和目标。党的十六届四中全会将不断提高建设社会主义先进文化的能力作为加强党的执政能力建设的一项重要任务,明确提出要通过深化文化体制改革,解放和发展文化生产力。党的十六届五中全会强调要构建公共文化服务体系,积极发展文化事业,大力发展文化产业,创造更多更好适应人民群众需要的优秀文化产品。结合湖北省文化体制改革的实际情况,我们认为,当前深化湖北文化体制改革的重点如下:第一,加快结构调整,完善国有公益性事业单位内部改革;第二,构建公共文化服务体系;第三,培育现代文化市场体系,重塑文化市场主体;第四,创新文化管理体制;第五,加强文化人才队伍建设。     

对北京市公益林市场化经营的思考

北京市的公益林作为传统意义上的公共物品,一直以来由全市各级政府投资建设,成本高,效率低,代价大。因此,提高公益林的经营效率和质量,对于北京市公益林的持续、健康发展至关重要。笔者就如何在北京市公益林的经营中引入市场机制进行思考,并力求构建一个较为合理的公益林市场化经营模式。