天伦和人伦共生伦理永恒——秦汉传统中基于发生角度的伦理分类

天伦、人伦之分最晚始于秦汉,两者在彼此对应中时被混用。从发生角度而言,天伦是天生的伦理,人伦是人为的伦理。天伦、人伦同气分形,共生中国人的伦理永恒、伦理信仰：天伦同气,因血缘而在代代传承中贯通有限生命,内生诚信,分形人伦;人伦基于诚信,为各自目的,从血缘和天伦向外全方位分形为姻缘、情缘、地缘、业缘、神缘、网缘等,使夫妻、朋友及各种职业伦理、社会伦理视需要和可能而及时结合或解散。伦理永恒是中国人的永恒,内化为伦理信仰,与有关因素共生,永葆中华文明生生不息,迥异于世界其他几大文明的命运与其宗教信仰的关系。敦睦伦理,消除伦理危机,关系到国家长治久安、文明生生不息,社会各界责任重大,国家的伦理责任更为重大。     

区块链赋能灾疫治理的价值逻辑、实践路径及其伦理反思

近年来,作为新型网络底层架构技术的区块链已经开始应用于社会治理领域,为国家治理能力现代化提供了新的着力点。人类面对灾疫的实践活动既是社会非常状态下的治理活动,又是道德意志驱动的伦理实践。区块链技术因其具有多维价值特征与灾疫治理的伦理目标高度契合,有望为现有灾疫治理体系进行赋能。同时,作为一项新兴的技术手段和灾疫治理架构,区块链赋能灾疫治理的伦理风险在于其可能超越了治理活动的边界。因此,需要警惕区块链技术对灾疫治理可能存在的价值偏离。     

走向共识:东西方文化对社会和谐的诉求

和谐是人类文明发展的共同追求,然而不同的历史文化背景塑造了不同的社会和谐理念.从文化形态看,中国传统的集团文化表现出重道德秩序的"人伦型和谐"理念,西方传统的经济文化则是重效率合理性的"知识型和谐"理念.当代中国特色社会主义先进文化是一种新型的集团经济文化形态,呈现出以马克思主义为引领的多文化交融的"开放融合型和谐".     

如何追求文学的精神高度——毕淑敏小说创作论

毕淑敏是一个不断开辟新的人生体验和文学描写的有追求的作家。她的创作给文坛带来新的界面，也提出新的命题。这突出体现在四个方面：作家气质：“白衣天使”与“天才病友”的路径选择；面对疾病：隐喻与治疗的相互矛盾；审视心灵：揭示痛苦与展现隐私的暧昧立场；伦理难题：医学一社会学一文学的彼此纠缠。对毕淑敏创作的深度分析，也同时揭示出当代文学如何追求精神高度的困难所在。     

Ethical uneasiness and the need for open-ended reflexivity: the case of research into older people with a wish to die

This article focuses on research ethics in highly intimate research with possible impact on life and death. In order to stimulate an open-ended dialogue about research ethics, we reflect on four ethical challenges that came up during our research into older people with a wish to die. Drawing on our experiences, we discuss (1) the possibly confirming influence of our research on the death wish (moral experience of whether or not to disregard responsibility); (2) the suggested duty to intervene (moral experience of whether or not to compromise the person’s autonomy); (3) the researcher’s authority and power over the data (moral experience of threatening a person’s self-narrative) and (4) the dilemma of intimacy (moral experience of encountering the tragic). For guidance in addressing these challenges, we draw upon work on research ethics from phenomenological and care ethics scholars, as well as from those writing about relational ethics in health research. We suggest that being open about ethical uneasiness is important, because in most cases of a grey area, there are only open-ended answers needing an enquiring mind, rather than clear and fixed guidelines. Acknowledgement of ethical uneasiness and open-ended reflexivity are indispensable to constitute a morally good research practice.     

孔子与柏拉图论人际关系之比较

人际关系是在社会生活实践中人们通过物质交往和精神交往而发展和建立起来的人与人之间的关系，对于研究伦理关系具有十分重要的作用。孔子和柏拉图作为东西方重要的思想家，他们关于人际关系的论述不仅对各自国家的文化产生了深远的影响，而且对东西方不同文明的发展起到了引导作用。在充分阐述孔子与柏拉图各自对人际关系论述的基础之上，比较两人的观点，不仅有助于了解他们各自的思想，也有助于进一步研究东西方伦理关系的特点和规律，对现代社会中如何构建良好的人际关系显然具有重要的借鉴意义。     

Sexual Minority Adolescents

Abstract

Most ethical dilemmas confronting professional school counselors (PSCs) do not involve simple solutions. Therefore, to practice ethically, PSCs need to possess and have the ability to articulate their ethical decision-making process with a clear and defendable professional explanation. Specifically, this article details the ethical decision-making process for PSCs working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered (LGBT) adolescents. Additionally, ethical standards and legal statutes relating to counseling LGBT adolescents, ethical decision-making processes, and implications are discussed.     

Evaluation of Research Ethics Committees: Criteria for the Ethical Quality of the Review Process

Repeatedly, adequacy, performance and quality of Ethics Committees that oversee medical research trials are being discussed. Although they play a crucial role in reviewing medical research and protecting human subjects, it is far from clear to what degree they fulfill the task they have been assigned to. This eventuates in the call for an evaluation of their activity and, in some places, led to the establishment of accreditation schemes. At the same time, IRBs have become subject of detailed legislation in the process of the ongoing global juridification of medical research. Unsurprisingly, there is a tendency to understand the evaluation of RECs as a question of controlling their legal compliance. This paper discusses the need for a quality evaluation of IRBs from an ethical point of view and, by systematically reviewing the major ethical guidelines for IRBs, proposes a system of criteria that should orientate any evaluation of IRBs.     

差异性社会的伦理逻辑与包容性增长的实现

差异性社会理论体现了马克思主义哲学认识及改造社会方法的创新特质。差异性社会理论是解读包容性增长的基本分析语境,差异性社会应当是良性发展的和谐社会,其发展伦理在价值观念、效率伦理、公民伦理这些方面为包容性增长界定规范性维度。差异性社会的道德冲突化解是实现包容性增长的重要精神保障。     

Who Is a Jew?

Abstract

When a social worker incurs professional obligations in two different actions, but cannot do both, this is termed “an ethical conflict concerning expectations in concurrently affected arenas” (Levy, 1976, p. 113). This article addresses an ethical dilemma that is centered in one of the most complex and controversial issues within Jewish life today: the question of “who is a Jew.” A case is presented which depicts the complexity of ethical conflicts which may arise from this unanswered question. The values at issue are explored and the process used to clarify, legitimate, and operationalize a plan of action is articulated. Ethical dilemmas invariably arise in social work practice. Resolutions that are clear, easily applied, internally consistent, and that consider the values of all concerned should help in reaching an ethical solution.