走向共识:东西方文化对社会和谐的诉求

和谐是人类文明发展的共同追求,然而不同的历史文化背景塑造了不同的社会和谐理念.从文化形态看,中国传统的集团文化表现出重道德秩序的"人伦型和谐"理念,西方传统的经济文化则是重效率合理性的"知识型和谐"理念.当代中国特色社会主义先进文化是一种新型的集团经济文化形态,呈现出以马克思主义为引领的多文化交融的"开放融合型和谐".     

论案件事实信息的法律属性

诉讼证据中蕴涵的案件事实信息的收集、运用、识别和认定都应当符合法律规定的原则和程序。诉讼中要突出案件事实信息的法律属性,必须强化民事诉讼中的原被告双方或者刑事诉讼中的控辩双方的具有对抗性的举证和质证、分析和反驳,同时,法官应着重审查原被告或控辩双方举示的证据是否符合法律规定的条件,并对诉讼证据中蕴涵或留存的案件事实信息是否真实,以及这些案件事实信息是否就是证据事实,这些证据事实是否能够足以证明(即恢复或还原)案件事实,作为定案的根据等进行识别和认定。     

如何追求文学的精神高度——毕淑敏小说创作论

毕淑敏是一个不断开辟新的人生体验和文学描写的有追求的作家。她的创作给文坛带来新的界面，也提出新的命题。这突出体现在四个方面：作家气质：“白衣天使”与“天才病友”的路径选择；面对疾病：隐喻与治疗的相互矛盾；审视心灵：揭示痛苦与展现隐私的暧昧立场；伦理难题：医学一社会学一文学的彼此纠缠。对毕淑敏创作的深度分析，也同时揭示出当代文学如何追求精神高度的困难所在。     

Ethical uneasiness and the need for open-ended reflexivity: the case of research into older people with a wish to die

This article focuses on research ethics in highly intimate research with possible impact on life and death. In order to stimulate an open-ended dialogue about research ethics, we reflect on four ethical challenges that came up during our research into older people with a wish to die. Drawing on our experiences, we discuss (1) the possibly confirming influence of our research on the death wish (moral experience of whether or not to disregard responsibility); (2) the suggested duty to intervene (moral experience of whether or not to compromise the person’s autonomy); (3) the researcher’s authority and power over the data (moral experience of threatening a person’s self-narrative) and (4) the dilemma of intimacy (moral experience of encountering the tragic). For guidance in addressing these challenges, we draw upon work on research ethics from phenomenological and care ethics scholars, as well as from those writing about relational ethics in health research. We suggest that being open about ethical uneasiness is important, because in most cases of a grey area, there are only open-ended answers needing an enquiring mind, rather than clear and fixed guidelines. Acknowledgement of ethical uneasiness and open-ended reflexivity are indispensable to constitute a morally good research practice.     

Motherhood Penalties and Living Arrangements in China

Past research on the “motherhood wage penalty” has been based on data from nuclear families, leaving open the possibility that the motherhood wage penalty may be lower or even absent in multigenerational families. In this article, the wage gap between mothers and nonmothers is examined in nuclear and multigenerational families in the context of contemporary China, which has a long tradition of patriarchal families. Using 1993 to 2006 China Health and Nutrition Survey data, the magnitude and variation of motherhood penalty is explored with fixed effects models among 1,058 women. The results show that each additional child lowers hourly wages by about 12%. In addition, the motherhood penalty is largest for women living with their husbands' parents, smaller for women not living with parents, and nil for women living with their own parents.     

Separating Spheres? Diverging Trends in Youth's Gender Attitudes About Work and Family

The authors investigated whether trends in attitudes about gender were consistent with the gender stall primarily occurring in the family domain and examined potential mechanisms associated with changing gender norms. Using data from Monitoring the Future surveys (1976–2015), the authors assessed three components of trends in youth's beliefs about gender: the marketplace, the family, and mothers' employment. Findings showed continued increases in egalitarianism from 1976 through the mid‐1990s across all three dimensions. Thereafter, support for egalitarianism in the public sphere plateaued at high levels, rising support for mothers' employment persisted at a slower pace, and conventional ideology about gender in families returned. The changing demographic composition of American high school students did not account for the gender attitude trends. Youth's mothers' employment and increased education were related to increased egalitarianism. Changes in population averages of mothers' employment and educational attainment were only weakly associated with increases in egalitarian attitudes.     

Unanticipated ethical issues in a participatory research project with individuals with intellectual disability

The conduct of a participatory research investigation into the everyday literacy of adults with intellectual disability within the context of a PhD thesis highlighted issues related to the ethics of participatory research and the need to revisit and reconsider ethical guidelines around working with individuals with intellectual disability. Tensions were identified between participatory research ideology and the reality of research experiences, with additional issues arising due to disability in the first author.     

Naming,Defining, and Classifying the Condition (Formerly?) Known as Mental Retardation

Abstract

Key controversies and diverse perspectives are summarized regarding terminology, definition, and classification issues in the field of mental retardation. Six questions are provided to guide consideration of critical issues. Conclusions are drawn and implications for professional practice are discussed.     

2009年世界民族问题热点回眸及原因与特点分析

回眸已成为历史的2009年,世界政坛波谲云诡,金融海啸继续冲击着各国经济,在此影响之下,世界民族问题热点不断.巴以之间再起战火,奥巴马新政府的战略给伊拉克局势、伊朗核问题、阿富汗和巴基斯坦局势带来新的动向,印巴关系出现新走向,南奥塞梯问题、苏丹达尔富尔和平进程、泰同南部暴力活动、塞浦路斯希土两族等问题成为2009年世界民族问题的热点.世界民族问题在多种因素的影响下涌现出新的热点和特点,值得我们对此倍加关注、认真思考、缜密分析,进而在汲取经验教训的基础上采取相应对策,为构建和谐世界尽责尽力.     

民族政策宣传面临的新形势与应对策略

我国团结和谐的民族关系在不断巩固的同时,也面临着许多新情况、新问题,民族地区突发事件的频发度与危害的严重性呈上升趋势,网络和新闻媒体成为民族政策宣传和信息传播的重要渠道和平台,民族政策宣传已进入了国际传播的范畴,面临着新形势、新任务。因此,必须突破传统的宣传模式和理念,建立和创新行之有效的运行机制和保障机制,增强民族政策宣传的效果。