房屋之外：嘉绒藏区房名制度背后的政治逻辑与社会生活

嘉绒藏族的房名在区分重名之人等方面起到类似姓氏的社会功能,但与汉族姓氏不同的是,房名体现着人与特定房屋而非特定父系祖先的具体关系。房名的命名规律和房名之间语义关联所呈现的地方性面貌背后,是房名制度作为封建等级时代的土司治术,它以房屋为单元拆分了纳粮服役的强制性义务,并赋予每户居住者集生存需求和象征资本于一体的不完全性权利,以实现“分房而治”的政治意图。而跨越房屋单元的血缘关系集合体则保留了梅因意义上的“前封建社会”互助传统,使得代代沿袭的婚姻与继嗣实践潜在地“收拢”了这种分裂的趋势。政治-管理逻辑与亲属-互助实践两股力量围绕房屋交织生成的辩证张力,为我们理解人与房屋的关系提供了一个新的视角。     

Can't Buy Me Love: Gift-Giving Among Members of Criminal Organizations

This paper problematizes gift relations in criminal organizations. It adopts a symbolic interaction perspective to focus scholarly attention on the way in which actants skillfully maneuver within the social expectations inherent in gift-giving relations. The study is based on insights from twenty interviews with ex-convicts and ten interviews with police officers or associates, and an in-depth analysis of memoirs, police reports, and newspaper articles. Our study expands the scope of symbolic interactionism by considering how the exchange of gifts and favors is emotionally stylized to achieve both social and operative goals. We aim to carefully deconstruct the performance of gift-giving and favor exchange in Israeli crime organizations, to understand how it is orchestrated to elicit genuine feelings among givers and recipients, as well as to control the use of violence. Finally, we identify gift-giving as a double-edged sword designed to lure recruits into a network of binding obligations, only to form a durable system of credit and debt wherein any transgressions are strictly punished.     

State estimation for nonlinear state-space transmission models of tuberculosis

Given the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and the mortality rate associated with the disease, numerous models, such as the Gammaitoni and Nucci (GN) model, were developed to model the risk of transmission. These models typically rely on a quanta generation rate as a measurement of infectivity. Since the quanta generation rate cannot be measured directly, the unique contribution of this work is to develop state estimators to estimate the quanta generation rate from available measurements. To estimate the quanta generation rate, the GN model is adapted into an augmented single-room GN model and a simplified two-room GN model. Both models are shown to be observable, i.e., it is theoretically possible to estimate the quanta generation rate given available measurements. Kalman filters are used to estimate the quanta generation rate. First, a continuous-time extended Kalman filter is used for both adapted models using a simulation and measurement sampling rate of 60 s. Accurate quanta generate rate estimates are achieved in both cases. A more realistic scenario is also considered with a measurement sampling rate of one day. For these estimates, a hybrid extended Kalman filter (HEKF) is used. Accurate quanta generation rate estimates are achieved for the more realistic scenario. Future work could potentially use the HEKFs, the adapted models, and real-time measurements in a control system feedback loop to reduce the transmission of TB in confined spaces such as hospitals.     

数值网格生成方程中源项对网格正交性影响的研究

基于对数值网格生成的椭圆型偏微分控制方程中混合偏导数项非线性系数特性的 研究，从理论上推导了用于控制网格正交性的一种新源项给定形式，并讨论了其具体的数值实 现方法，数值计算结果表明，该新源项形式对生成网格的正交性具有很强的调节和控制能力。     

农村基层换届选举中的新问题及其对策——以西安市为个案

民主选举是村民自治的重要组成部分。实践中，村民选举在选民登记、候选人条件、贿选查处等方面会不断出现新情况、发生新变化、产生新动向、暴露新问题。要解决这些问题，就需要研究政策、统一认识，明确界限，完善机制。只有正确认识和妥善处理这些问题，农村民主选举才能健康顺利地发展。     

彝文古籍文献术语标准化与数据库建设研究

彝文文献是中华民族的宝贵财富，在文献信息化迅猛发展的今天，彝文古籍文献术语标准化已成为彝文文献研究与发展中亟待解决的问题。通过对大量彝文古籍文献内容进行筛选与整理，找出其中词频最高的彝文词语，并对其进行汉语规范标注，制定彝文古籍文献术语翻译标准原则，在技术指导下建立彝文古籍术语标准化数据库，为彝文古籍数字化管理提供更加高效便捷的手段，助推彝文古籍传承与保护工作更进一步发展。     

Migrant visits over time: Ethnographic returning and the technological turn

This paper reflects on four decades of research (via ethnographic returning) to explore the social transformations in travel and communication technologies that have impacted the lived experiences, and consequently the theoretical conceptualization, of migrant visits. A comparison of migration waves between Italy and Australia reveals both continuities in visiting experience as deeply relational practices that facilitate a mutuality of being, but also transformations brought about by the technological turn. Visits take on different meanings depending on individual/ family life stage, generation, and community and national histories. The capacity for both physical and virtual copresence must be understood as coconstitutive, requiring a temporal perspective. The experiences of immobile migrants in residential care suggest that, in the context of rich histories of copresence over time, digital kinning can provide the capacity to share a mutuality of being that safeguards the socio-relational ties of individual and collective identities and belonging that make us human.