论特留份制度

规定特留份制度 ,目的在于保护缺乏劳动能力又没有生活来源的法定继承人的权益。我国继承法也规定了“必要的遗产份额” ,但存在着继承人范围过窄和份额规定不明的缺陷 ,因此作相应的修正非常必要。     

Combining Food Frequency and Survey Data to Quantify Long-Term Dietary Exposure: A Methyl Mercury Case Study

Twenty-four-hour recall data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) are frequently used to estimate dietary exposure for risk assessment. Food frequency questionnaires are traditional instruments of epidemiological research; however, their application in dietary exposure and risk assessment has been limited. This article presents a probabilistic method of bridging the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) food frequency and the CSFII data to estimate longitudinal (usual) intake, using a case study of seafood mercury exposures for two population subgroups (females 16 to 49 years and children 1 to 5 years). Two hundred forty-nine CSFII food codes were mapped into 28 NHANES fish/shellfish categories. FDA and state/local seafood mercury data were used. A uniform distribution with minimum and maximum blood-diet ratios of 0.66 to 1.07 was assumed. A probabilistic assessment was conducted to estimate distributions of individual 30-day average daily fish/shellfish intakes, methyl mercury exposure, and blood levels. The upper percentile estimates of fish and shellfish intakes based on the 30-day daily averages were lower than those based on two- and three-day daily averages. These results support previous findings that distributions of "usual" intakes based on a small number of consumption days provide overestimates in the upper percentiles. About 10% of the females (16 to 49 years) and children (1 to 5 years) may be exposed to mercury levels above the EPA's RfD. The predicted 75th and 90th percentile blood mercury levels for the females in the 16-to-49-year group were similar to those reported by NHANES. The predicted 90th percentile blood mercury levels for children in the 1-to-5-year subgroup was similar to NHANES and the 75th percentile estimates were slightly above the NHANES.     

中国绿色食品发展的四个选择

绿色产业被视为 2 1世纪的朝阳产业 ,绿色食品是绿色产业的重要内容 ,发展中国的绿色食品面临品种、市场、产业模式、生产基地四个选择 ,必须认真对待。     

An Empirical Test of Competing Theories of Hazard-Related Trust: The Case of GM Food

Few scholars doubt the importance of trust in explaining variation in public perception of technological risk. Relatively little, however, is known about the particular types of judgments that people use in granting or withholding trust. This article presents findings from an empirical study that explores several dimensions of trust relevant for citizens' judgments of scientists involved in the development of GM food. The relationship between particular dimensions of trust and perceptions of GM food risk is also explored, using structural equation modeling. Results suggest that trust judgments based on the perception of shared values are most important in relation to GM food risk, but that judgments about scientists' technical competence are also important.     

Steps in the Right Direction,Against the Odds,An Evaluation of a Community‐Based Programme Aiming to Reduce Inactivity and Improve Health and Morale in Overweight and Obese School‐Age Children

The study describes an evaluation of a 48‐week physical activity and nutritional education programme for overweight/obese school‐age children using quantitative and qualitative methods. The majority of participants were obese or severely obese when enrolled, and while some improvements in body mass index, self‐esteem and engagement in a range of physical activities were noted, difficulties in evaluating a complex community‐based intervention were highlighted. Children, parents and health professionals described a range of benefits from attending the programme but more intensive services are likely to be needed for the most seriously obese children and for those families resisting intervention.     

宋代食品价格与餐费考察

宋代城市的肉类价格比较贵.大观年间,牛肉每斤100文;绍兴末,平江府羊肉每斤900文,连薪俸低的小官员也吃不起.宋徽宗时的冬季,开封市场上从黄河等外地运来的鱼,每斤不上100文.宋徽宗时,开封市场上的笼饼每枚7文,一份小吃价格一般在10-20文之间.熙宁年间,一位民夫吃顿带酒水的饭一般在10文左右.端平年间的临安城,饭店内酒菜的价格比较贵,最少也要100文,多者5贯.南宋官员互相之间的宴请,一次花费数千贯,盖公款消费矣.而高官的一场豪华宴席,一般会上万贯.宋代的中央及州县学校,学生伙食费由官府支拨.宋徽宗时,太学外舍生每天为41.3文,内舍生为43.3文.北宋中期,军官伙食费平均每天100文.     

酒泉地区美食文化旅游资源开发之我见——以酒泉宾馆主题文化宴的设计为例

酒泉餐饮文化源远流长,地方风味小吃、美味佳肴品种繁多。把饮食文化与旅游活动相结合,无疑会推进旅游业的发展,深层次挖掘饮食文化资源,开发多种特色饮食文化旅游,才能更好地弘扬酒泉饮食文化,提高该地区文化旅游的综合吸引力,促进餐饮业和旅游业的进一步发展。     

《刘子·贵农章》经济思想考察

"贵农"的思想宗旨既总结和传承以前以农立国,崇本抑末的政治理念,也是为解决当时的社会政治问题提出的经济方略,再次提出衣食为民之本,民又为国之本。强调人民"衣食饶足"是整个社会稳定基础,以及国家粮食储备事关重大,减轻农民的徭役负担等一系列"贵农"爱民基本方略。     

汉熹平石经历代变迁考

汉石经又称熹平石经,刊成后曾被董卓之乱及永嘉之乱战火殃及,冯熙、常伯夫任职洛州期间又将其毁弃分用,此后曾被委于榛莽;复经由洛阳迁至邺,又由邺迁回洛阳,再由洛阳移至长安三次搬动。黄初补其缺坏,北魏崔光曾修复之议,北齐时又被施列学馆,然至唐魏征收集时,石经已十不存一。唐宋时期曾有少量残石出土,民国时期数百方残石出土后散于公私之手,而建国后发掘和征集的残石近千块。     

试论西部大开发与文物保护——以青海省塔尔寺为例

随着西部大开发战略的实施 ,文物的保护工作就显得十分重要。本文从保护与利用两个方面进行了概括的论述 ,提出了如何保护利用的具体意见