不可抗力的法律效力

本文对不可抗力的基本理论和法律效力等问题加以论述。     

城市居民旅游环境影响与社会文化影响感知问卷量表的开发

城市居民旅游感知研究,对了解和掌握当地居民对旅游发展的态度与行为意义重大,是旅游地可持续发展的必然要求。作者针对国内城市居民旅游感知进行量表开发,先查阅了大量的国内外相关学术文献,接着进行了深入的文献研究,在此基础上设计了调查问卷初稿,问卷初稿包括居民旅游经济影响感知、旅游环境影响感知、旅游社会文化影响感知、旅游发展态度和满意的总体感知、居民参与旅游发展经营管理水平感知等五个维度,每个维度包括正面影响、负面影响两个构面。随后对初试问卷进行小样本调查,根据小样本调查的数据,使用统计分析软件SPSS16.0进行数据分析,对问卷量表进行信度和效度检验,对问卷测量题项进行净化,剔除相关度较低的测量项目,最终形成正式问卷。分析结果证明,量表具有很高的信度和效度。因篇幅所限,文章只对旅游环境影响感知、旅游社会文化影响感知二个维度的净化过程进行论述。     

未成年人犯罪案件社会调查制度冷思考

藉由基层司法机关之推动,大量运行于我国司法实践的未成年人犯罪案件社会调查制度面临诸多问题:合法性不足及其衍生的制度异化;调查过程走过场与调查结论不可靠;调查报告的肤浅粗放与调查结论的格式化;调查报告影响下的过分量刑迁就和盲目轻刑化.只有科学的制度设计才能彻底解决这些问题,社会调查制度才能回归其本义,也才可能在少年司法中发挥其应有的积极效用.     

Validity and reliability of proposed framework of manufacturing excellence in the Indian industry

This article presents the findings of the empirical study of proposed framework of manufacturing excellence (ME) in the Indian industry. The study includes companies from five major sectors, namely automobile, process, machines and equipment, electronics and components and textile. Responses from 90 companies were analysed to explore the validity and reliability of the proposed framework of ME in Indian industry. The developed questionnaire is outlined along with the results obtained from the analysis of the data from the Indian industry. The framework shows high level of reliability and validity.     

Investigating the Structural Validity of Ryff’s Psychological Well-Being Scales Across Two Samples

Ryff’s (1989b) Psychological Well-Being (PWB) scales measure six related constructs of human functioning. The present paper examined the validity of Ryff’s 6-factor PWB model, using data from a life events study (N = 401) and an organisational climate study (N = 679). Previous validation studies, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), have identified alternative PWB models, but limitations include the use of shorter scale versions with items relating to a number of life domains within the same PWB factor, and failure to examine the influence of participants’ socio-demographic characteristics on PWB. In this study, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) mostly found consistency in the PWB items and structure between the two studies whereby a 3-factor model delineated between items relating to Autonomy, Positive Relations and a super-ordinate factor comprising the other PWB factors. Using CFA, Goodness of Fit indices reached acceptable levels for the adjusted PWB model identified by the EFA, whilst differences between adjusted models of PWB previously identified in the literature were hardly evident. Post-hoc analysis by gender demonstrated socio-demographic effects on the structure and items that comprise PWB. Further development of PWB measures is needed to reflect its hierarchical and multi-dimensional nature. In the scales’ current form, the construct validation of the PWB factors will continue to be problematic and will fail to adequately evaluate the nature and impact of PWB.     

Data-dependent probability matching priors of the second order

In this paper, we consider the preliminary test approach for the estimation of the regression parameter in a multiple regression model under a multicollinearity situation. The preliminary test two-parameter estimators based on the Wald (W), likelihood ratio, and Lagrangian multiplier tests are given, when it is suspected that the regression parameter may be restricted to a subspace and the regression error is distributed with multivariate Student's t distribution. The bias and mean square error of the proposed estimators are derived and compared. The conditions of superiority of the proposed estimators are obtained. Finally, we conclude that the optimum choice of the level of significance becomes the traditional choice by using the Wald test.     

对我国基础教育"合作学习"有效性的思考

随着我国基础教育新课程标准的逐步实施,"合作学习"已经成为我国基础教育教师普遍采用的教学方式之一.合作学习有效性涵盖合作学习有成效、有效率和有后效等三个层面,必须以动态眼光解读合作学习有效性.确保合作学习有效性,前提是创设合作学习的条件,关键是教师角色定位的正确与作用的发挥,核心是建构多元互动机制.     

“价值”与“事实”的区分——从分析法学视角

有关事实的命题是回答"是"与"不是";有关价值的命题是回答"应当"与"不应当".从分析法学的视角看,把事实与价值区分开来,具有重大的理论意义.法学的发展史证明事实与价值的区分是分析实证主义法学批判自然法学的理论出发点;事实与价值的区分是法学作为一门科学得以独立存在的依据;事实与价值的区分是法律应该得到遵守和法律改革的理论依据.     

The South Oaks Gambling Screen: a review with reference to Australian use

The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) is a psychometric instrument widely used internationally to assess the presence of pathological gambling. Developed by Lesieur and Blume (1987) in the United States of America (USA) as a self-rated screening instrument, it is based on DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. This paper describes the origins and psychometric development of the SOGS and comments critically in relation to its construct validity and cutoff scores. Reference is made to the use of the SOGS in the Australian setting, where historically gambling has been a widely accepted part of the culture, corresponding to one of the highest rates of legalised gambling and gambling expenditure in the world. An alternative approach to the development of an instrument to detect people who have problems in relation to gambling is proposed.     

陈骙《文则》的修辞研究方法举隅

陈马癸《文则》考察修辞现象的方法至今仍有意义。着眼于汉语修辞学史 ,从“假之以渔”,而不是“假之以鱼”的角度 ,可发现《文则》中蕴含着素朴的辩证综合法、直观分析法、有限演绎法 ,实在难能可贵 ,值得今人批判地继承