Exact permutation inference for two sample repeated measures data

Experiments in which very few units are measured many times sometimes present particular difficulties. Interest often centers on simple location shifts between two treatment groups, but appropriate modeling of the error distribution can be challenging. For example, normality may be difficult to verify, or a single transformation stabilizing variance or improving normality for all units and all measurements may not exist. We propose an analysis of two sample repeated measures data based on the permutation distribution of units. This provides a distribution free alternative to standard analyses. The analysis includes testing, estimation and confidence intervals. By assuming a certain structure in the location shift model, the dimension of the problem is reduced by analyzing linear combinations of the marginal statistics. Recently proposed algorithms for computation of two sample permutation distributions, require only a few seconds for experiments having as many as 100 units and any number of repeated measures. The test has high asymptotic efficiency and good power with respect to tests based on the normal distribution. Since the computational burden is minimal, approximation of the permutation distribution is unnecessary.     

不同的诗人，共同的追求——惠特曼与威廉斯诗作艺术形式的略同之处

惠特曼和威廉斯均是美国诗坛上的泰斗。他们的诗歌在艺术形式上有很多共同之处。二人均倡导自由诗体；主张运用美国本土语言，表现美国自己的东西；注重诗歌的节奏和音乐美感以及色彩的运用。惠特曼在多方面影响了威廉斯，威廉斯在深受其益的同时，多方面发展了惠特曼的优良传统，从而成就了自己在美国文坛上的地位。     

中外大学生创业融资政策对比研究

创业资金是制约大学生自主创业的一大难题,也是当今国家各有关部门积极探讨的焦点问题。在调查了解国内外创业资金融资政策现状的基础上,寻找导致我国大学生创业资金筹集困难的原因。构建政府、高校、市场"三位一体"的创业资金筹集模式,以拓宽筹资渠道、降低筹资门槛、增加筹资信任、规避筹资风险,是解决大学生创业中的资金瓶颈问题的有效途径。     

对地名标识“单一罗马化”普适性的考察

文章分别从布迪厄关于社会文化的＂符号暴力＂与＂惯习＂理论,以及翻译目的论的角度考察了地名的功能与价值和地名标识＂单一罗马化＂原则的普遍适应性;针对我国各地城市中英文地名标识各行其道,互不统一的现象,分析论证了我国城市公交英文报站中的站名标识应主要遵循＂音意结合＂的原则。最后基于实例分析对城市公交站名的拼音与英文标识进行细致分类并分别提出可行化对策。     

影视产业融资机制分析研究——以加拿大影视产业资金保证体系为例

中央提出文化强国的发展战略,无疑为文化产业的全面推进创造了发展机遇。就影视产业的发展来看,虽然这些年出了不少佳作,进行了有益的尝试,但一些瓶颈问题仍然困扰着我们。他山之石,可以攻玉,别人的经验可以让我们少走弯路,文章正是以此为出发点,提供出一个借鉴的视点。     

中小企业融资难的现状、原因及若干对策建议

目前中小企业融资难是比较突出的问题,究其原因既有现有政策的缺陷和受市场环境的影响,也和中小企业自身条件有关。因而解决中小企业融资难的问题,既要完善相关政策,拓宽融资渠道,中小企业自身也要创造条件以适应融资需要。     

Exploring Policy and Financing Options for Long-Term Care in Taiwan

Summary

Policy and financing arrangements for long-term care are important themes in each country and/or region, and Taiwan, with its unique historic and politico-economic background, can be regarded as a bridge between well-developed and under-developed countries. Policy formulation about long-term care in Taiwan involves several agencies in the government, including Ministry of Health, Interior Affairs, Education, Insurance Bureau, and Economic Council, and formulation of policy objectives has progressed considerably in the last five years. Financing arrangements are less well-developed because the National Health Insurance Program began only in 1995, and most long-term care is not yet covered. As demand for long-term care exceeds supply, and this gap will grow in future, current resource allocation measures are concerned to facilitate the expansion of community care rather than allowing institutional care to absorb more resources. Developing future financing options is now a central task for policymaking, and government must continue to take a leading role in consolidating financing and integrating the service systems.     

On the almost inconceivable misunderstandings concerning the subject of value‐free social science

A value judgment says what is good or bad, and value‐free social science simply means social science free of value judgments. Yet many sociologists regard value‐free social science as undesirable or impossible and readily make value judgments in the name of sociology. Often they display confusion about such matters as the meaning of value‐free social science, value judgments internal and external to social science, value judgments as a subject of social science, the relevance of objectivity for value‐free social science, and the difference between the human significance of social science and value‐free social science. But why so many sociologists are so value‐involved – and generally so unscientific – is sociologically understandable: The closest and most distant subjects attract the least scientific ideas. And during the past century sociologists have become increasingly close to their human subject. The debate about value‐free social science is also part of an epistemological counterrevolution of humanists (including many sociologists) against the more scientific social scientists who invaded and threatened to expropriate the human subject during the past century.     

《逍遥游》的现代启示

经典的意义不仅在于静止的过去 ,还在于能不断地生成。庄子的《逍遥游》以其超脱精神启迪现代人应打开心胸 ,认识自身的局限 ,提升心灵境界 ,摆正自己在天地间的位置 ,与万物相谐 ,从而避免物累 ,智慧地生存     

上市公司融资偏好的内部治理机制研究

面对弱效率的资本市场,如何有效地解决国内上市公司在融资选择时对股权融资的过度偏好成为实务和理论界关注的一个重要问题。本文认为除了现行研究所提出的完善资本市场的规范性和有效性,加强上市公司的外部调控和管制以外,还有一个很重要的方面就是从微观的公司治理角度来分析上市公司的融资行为。在这一思路的基础上,本文利用一个多任务委托代理模型来解释影响企业融资方式的内部因素,并从公司治理结构的角度来提出完善融资激励和约束机制的要素。