试析美国辩诉交易中控辩力量对比及其启示

辩诉交易制度产生并盛行于美国是与其奉行当事人主义和正当程序的诉讼价值理念分不开的,更与以其理念为基础的保障控辩双方力量平衡的完备的制度有关,如:律师辩护制度、检察官自由裁量制度等等。其价值理念及制度对他国特别是中国的司法借鉴不无参考价值。     

认知欲望的审美观照——现实主义美学的人性之维

现实主义美学之所以具有长久的生命力,是因为它满足了人的认知欲望。现实主义美学是认知欲望的审美化。现实主义与科学精神具有密切联系,科学精神作为一种认知欲望与审美并不矛盾。人的审美活动无法排除认知欲望,认知欲望在本质上是人的自由意志,认知欲望也不会必然产生浅薄的功利主义。     

游泳运动对小白鼠某些组织中MDA含量及SOD活性的影响

测定了小白鼠７０ｍｉｎ游泳运动后脑、心、肝、肾、肌组织中自由基的含量。结果表明，７０ｍｉｎ游泳运动显著降低了小白鼠心肌、肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量，而肝脏、肾脏和肌肉中的超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性明显提高，且心肌中ＳＯＤ活性亦呈升高趋势。据此可推测，７Ｏｍｉｎ游泳运动提高了小白鼠的抗氧化能力，加快了体内自由基的清除速率，减少了脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）的堆积。     

零售商股权融资的供应链契约结构分析

契约是促成供应链企业战略合作的重要纽带，在股权融资背景下有着新的内涵。本文研究了零售商股权融资时供应链的运作问题，刻画了契约结构对零售商股权融资的影响，建立了两类不同契约结构下的供应链运作模型。研究发现，零售商的股权融资行为极大地受到契约结构的影响：一方面，供应商主导的契约结构严重阻碍了零售商的股权融资意愿，不利于企业发展。另一方面，通过一类契约锁定协议可以提升零售商的融资意愿，实现多方共赢。揭示了契约结构在股权融资过程中的重要作用。     

Clearing the air: American Indian tribal college students' exposure to second hand smoke & attitudes towards smoke free campus policies

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine knowledge, awareness, and support for campus smoke-free policies. Participants: 1,256 American Indian tribal college students from three tribal colleges in the Midwest and Northern Plains. Methods: Data are from an observational cross-sectional study of American Indian tribal college students, collected through a web-based survey. Results: Only 40% of tribal college students reported not being exposed to second hand smoke in the past 7 days. A majority of nonsmokers (66%) agreed or strongly agreed with having a smoke-free campus, while 34.2% of smokers also agreed or strongly agreed. Overall, more than a third (36.6%) of tribal college students were not aware of their campus smoking policies. Conclusions: Tribal campuses serving American Indian students have been much slower in adopting smoke-free campus policies. Our findings show that tribal college students would support a smoke-free campus policy.     

中国与“一带一路”六大经济走廊基础设施的双边贸易成本效应研究

在测算中国与“一带一路”六大经济走廊沿线国家双边贸易成本的基础上,基于引力方程和广义矩估计法,分析基础设施及其交互作用对双边贸易成本的影响。研究表明,随着时间推移,中国与六大经济走廊沿线国家的平均双边贸易成本虽然波折起伏,且与各经济走廊沿线国家的平均双边贸易成本的水平、下降幅度存在较大差异,但整体呈下降趋势。在控制人均收入差额、距离、贸易开放度、是否签署自由贸易协定、两国是否有共同边界等显著性影响因素后,研究发现,海运基础设施、陆空运基础设施以及二者的交互作用均能显著降低双边贸易成本,其中海运基础设施和陆空运基础设施交互作用的双边贸易成本效应较基础设施本身的双边贸易成本效应要低。     

Diagnostic tools for approximate Bayesian computation using the coverage property

Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is an approach to sampling from an approximate posterior distribution in the presence of a computationally intractable likelihood function. A common implementation is based on simulating model, parameter and dataset triples from the prior, and then accepting as samples from the approximate posterior, those model and parameter pairs for which the corresponding dataset, or a summary of that dataset, is ‘close’ to the observed data. Closeness is typically determined though a distance measure and a kernel scale parameter. Appropriate choice of that parameter is important in producing a good quality approximation. This paper proposes diagnostic tools for the choice of the kernel scale parameter based on assessing the coverage property, which asserts that credible intervals have the correct coverage levels in appropriately designed simulation settings. We provide theoretical results on coverage for both model and parameter inference, and adapt these into diagnostics for the ABC context. We re‐analyse a study on human demographic history to determine whether the adopted posterior approximation was appropriate. Code implementing the proposed methodology is freely available in the R package abctools .     

A new test for two-sample location problem based on empirical distribution function

We propose a new test for testing the equality of location parameter of two populations based on empirical distribution function (ECDF). The test statistics is obtained as a power divergence between two ECDFs. The test is shown to be distribution free, and its null distribution is obtained. We conducted empirical power comparison of the proposed test with several other available tests in the literature. We found that the proposed test performs better than its competitors considered here under several population structures. We also used two real datasets to illustrate the procedure.     

房地产价格波动的微观传导效应研究——基于融资约束的视角

本文利用全国各省区及七十个大中城市房地产价格数据,匹配以上市公司的房屋和土地使用权数据,从微观层面考察融资约束在房地产价格传导机制中所发挥的作用及其经济后果.本文研究表明房地产价格波动对我国企业融资和投资行为具有显著的传导效应,其效应扩散程度主要取决于企业的融资约束状况,当企业所拥有的房地产价值上涨时,融资约束程度高的企业外部债务融资更多,具有更高的投资水平,表现出更强的过度投资倾向.本文进一步考察传导效应的资源配置后果,发现企业的绩效并未有实质性的改善,说明抵押资产价格传导效应可能存在负面经济后果.本文还发现,随着房地产价格的波动,融资约束程度高的企业也体现出更大的投资波动幅度,这说明融资约束有可能放大经济周期性波动程度,证实了Kiyotaki和Moore(1997)的理论推断.     

受贿罪量刑失衡问题实证研究

从司法实践看,受贿罪量刑存在严重失衡现象,造成这一状况的原因既有潜规则盛行的因素,又有错误司法的原因.同时,现行法律和司法解释本身存在的缺陷与不足是导致量刑失衡的制度性要素.革除受贿罪量刑失衡的弊端,应当通过司法解释限制法官在量刑中的自由裁量权、确立同种数罪并罚的处罚原则和将数额、情节(非量刑情节)作为量刑的基础这三方面上取得突破.