Patterns of Career and Identity Interference for Lesbian,Gay, and Bisexual Young Adults

Researchers have hypothesized about the potentially competing demands of sexual identity development and career development (e.g., Chen, Stracuzzi, & Ruckdeschel, 2004 Chen, E. C., Stracuzzi, T. I. and Ruckdeschel, D. E. 2004. “Affirmative counseling with gay men”. In Counseling diverse populations, Edited by: Atkinson, D. R. and Hackett, G. 388–411. Boston: McGraw Hill.  [Google Scholar]; Fassinger, 1996 Fassinger, R. E. 1996. Notes from the margins: Integrating lesbian experience into the vocational psychology of women. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48: 160–175. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]; Morrow, 1997 Morrow, S. L. 1997. Career development of lesbian and gay youth: Effects of sexual orientation, coming out, and homophobia. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 7: 1–15. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]; Schmidt, 2004 Schmidt, C. K. 2004. The effects of simultaneous developmental processes: The prediction of career development outcomes for lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth, Kansas City: Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Missouri.  [Google Scholar]). In the present study, we explored these hypotheses focusing specifically on career decision making. Using cluster analysis, we identified three groups of lesbian, gay, and bisexual young adults who differed in terms of the conflict experienced between sexual identity and career development: career conflict group (n?=?11), sexual identity conflict group (n?=?45), and those who experienced low levels of conflict between the two domains (n?=?71). Differences were found between the clusters in levels of career decision making supports, career decision making barriers, and career decision making self-efficacy. Results tentatively suggest the importance of considering within-group differences when using Social Cognitive Career Theory to understand the career decision making of this population.     

Public Knowledge and Attitudes to HIV: Research From Three Decades in Sweden

The overarching objective of this article is to describe the Swedish public's knowledge about HIV and attitudes toward people living with HIV during the period 1987–2011. Within the framework of this objective, the article also directs a special focus at the association between knowledge about HIV transmission and attitudes toward people who are HIV positive. The study is based on the results of a questionnaire sent to a stratified random sample on eight occasions between 1987 and 2011. The study population comprises the Swedish general public aged 16–44 and is stratified on the basis of the respondents' age, with each of five age groups (16–17, 18–19, 20–24, 25–34, and 35–44) comprising 20% of the study respondents. A total of 21,027 individuals have completed the questionnaire in the eight surveys. The survey instrument is relatively short and comprises 27 questions on knowledge, attitudes and sexual behaviour relating to HIV. The eight surveys show that the public's knowledge about HIV and its different transmission routes is high and has increased over time. Above all there has been an increase in the level of knowledge about how HIV is not transmitted between people. However, the public's knowledge about the infectiousness of individuals receiving treatment for HIV infection is low. Public attitudes toward people with HIV have also undergone a clear shift over time, toward increased tolerance and a decline in the level of fear, especially in social situations. Despite this, a residual suspicion and stigmatisation can be seen in the public's attitudes to people who are HIV positive. This is most obvious from the questions that link HIV to sexuality and here the changes are very modest over time. Public knowledge about HIV and its transmission routes has increased between 1987 and 2011. Attitudes toward people who are HIV positive have generally become more tolerant and positive, not least in relation to different social situations. The fear of becoming infected has declined. At the same time there remains a stigma, which continues to direct suspicion at people who are living with HIV and to ascribe them negative characteristics and behaviors that are based on prejudice. The results show, however, that the public's attitudes toward same-sex relationships are clearly more accepting today than they were previously, and that the symbolic association between HIV and this group is tending to become weaker.     

A Reexamination of Women’s Electoral Success in Open Seat Elections: The Conditioning Effect of Electoral Competition

This article reexamines gender differences in electoral outcomes. We consider whether electoral competition has a differential impact on the electoral fortunes of male and female quality candidates. This study uses an original data set containing detailed candidate information for US House open seat primary and general elections between 1994 and 2004. The results indicate that when multiple quality candidates enter the race, female quality candidates are at a greater disadvantage than their male counterparts. The results suggest that null findings from previous work are a product of the way the relationship between gender and electoral outcomes is typically modeled.     

What is behind envy? Approach from a psychosocial perspective / ¿Qué se esconde detrás de la envidia? Aproximación desde una perspectiva psicosocial

Envy strongly influences many spheres of social life. However, the psychology of envy is still in its infancy. A theoretical and empirical examination of envy was performed with a psychosocial focus via two exploratory studies. In Study 1 (N = 141), participants were asked to describe an event in which they experienced envy, indicating which people they envied and the reasons for that envy. In Study 2 (N = 311), the relationship between envy and several psychosocial variables such as self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control were analysed, as well as the predisposition to express aggressive behaviours in response to this emotion. The results of Study 1 revealed that friends were the most envied people, and abilities or personal skills were the most frequent sources of envy. Likewise, the results of Study 2 showed that self-efficacy, self-esteem and perceived control predicted envy, which in turn predicted the expression of verbal aggressive behaviours.     

Cultivating Professional Allies for Sexual Minority Youth: A Community-Based Educational Intervention

Sexual minority youth (SMY) face multiple risks in their daily lives that may influence their need for supportive care. Health and social service providers have unique opportunities to provide culturally competent services to these youth. This article describes a community-based educational intervention created to increase providers’ knowledge, skills, and intention to support SMY. Based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model, this pilot study found that for a diverse sample of multidisciplinary professionals (n = 2,850), the odds of behavioral intention (BI) to support SMY were significantly higher when trainings were relevant to the professionals’ experience (OR = 1.3), were sensitive (OR = 1.3), developed skills (OR = 1.1), and incorporated policy (OR = 1.2). Implications for the delivery of community-based trainings are provided.     

论国家治理应遵循的一般原则——基于卢梭政治制度论的思考

政治制度是国家治理的依靠和保障,二者之间存在着一致性和相关性,政治制度的良善、进步、成熟与否关系着国家治理的方向、水平和能力.从卢梭的政治制度论来看,国家治理应遵循的一般原则是:基于民族特点,依靠法治,依赖制度文明,增强政治认同.这些原则实际上是对古今中外国家治理普遍规律的精辟概括,也是对人类政治发展和政治文明建设经验与教训的深刻总结,与中国共产党当前提出的治国理政理念高度契合,对我们今天完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化具有重要的借鉴和参考意义.     

澳大利亚迪肯大学小学教育专业课程设置对全科教师培养的启示

国内的小学教育专业教师培养有初中起点五年制大专制和高中起点四年制本科制两个层次,在培养模式上主要有大文大理模式、分科模式、综合模式、"综合+方向"模式等,在培养理念上强调综合培养、发展专长、强化技能和重视实践。国家的教育政策、基础教育改革、农村城镇化发展、国外的小学教师培养课程设置等,都指出小学教育阶段需要全科型教师。[1]本文将对2014年教育学在QS世界大学专业排名为第23位[2]的澳大利亚迪肯大学的小学教师课程设置进行剖析,希望能给我们的全科教师培养以借鉴。     

辽西地区基层全科医生继续教育模式的探讨

目的：通过对辽西地区基层全科医生的继续教育培训，探讨在基层全科医生的继续教育模式中存在的问题及对未来的展望。方法：授课对象选择辽西地区三座城市的基层全科医生分别办班培训，每期学员人数200人左右，一座城市一年4期；课程内容根据对基层全科医生的调查需求及我地区的环境因素、生活方式、工作压力等特点所致的疾病高发情况进行设置；采用LBL教学法与PBL教学法相结合的授课形式。通过问卷调查方法收集学员对全科医生继续教育模式的看法。结果：基层全科医生对授课形式及课程内容设置较满意，但由于我国至今仍没有一个较完善的继续医学教育模式，在培训中存在诸多问题需要解决，期待在基层医生培训中不断摸索探讨，而基层全科医生开展继续医学教育培训有其必要性。结论：政府高度重视，加大资金投入；进一步完善课程设计和授课内容；加强基地建设，健全培训体系，努力改进继续教育模式。     

浅析高校图书馆的通识教育功能

随着世界各大学对通识教育这一国际化议题的普遍接受和广泛关注，通识教育逐步融入到我国高等教育之中来。通识教育已经成为一种教育理念、大学的办学理念。高校图书馆作为大学办学的重要文献信息支柱、学生课堂教育的延伸，具有通识教育功能，并通过多种信息服务措施来发挥通识教育功能。     

Performance measures of M/G/1 retrial queues with recurrent customers,breakdowns, and general delays

In this paper, an M/G/1 retrial system with two classes of customers: transit and recurrent customers is studied. After service completion, recurrent customers always return to the orbit and transit customers leave the system forever. The server is subject to breakdowns and delayed repairs. The customer whose service is interrupted stays in the service, waiting for delay and repair of the server. After repair this customer completes his service. The study of the system concerns the joint generating function of the server state and the queue length in steady state. Some performance measures of the system are then derived and some numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of the system parameters on the developed performance measures.