Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test for stratified samples and Efron's paradox dice

Two-treatment multi-center clinical trials are the most common type of clinical trials in practice. The aim of this paper is to discuss a curious property of certain standard nonparametric procedures used in the analysis of such clinical trials. Different analyses of a simulated data example are presented, which lead to contrasting and surprising results. The source of the potentially misleading outcome is then explored while relating the simulated data with the concept of Efron's paradox dice and the notion of nontransitivity. With the root of the problem established, an alternate nonparametric method from the literature is shown to address the problem. Finally, pointing out an interpretational concern of using the alternate procedure, a modification to this procedure is also suggested and corresponding theoretical results are presented.     

湖北省高校科技成果转化的现状调查与分析

通过对高校科技工作管理者、高校教师以及部分企业的调研发现,目前影响湖北省高校科技成果转化的因素主要是政府管理、资金投入、高校观念转变与机制创新、企业重视等方面,并提出相应的对策与建议.     

Consumption and Saving Behavior of Older and Younger Baby Boomers in Korea

The 1998 Korean Survey of Family Income and Expenditures was used to examine the overall consumption and saving behavior of Korean baby boomers and compared the differences in consumption and saving behavior between older and younger boomers. The t -test results indicated that the younger boomers allocated a significantly higher percentage of their expenditures on food away from home, household appliances, transportation and communication than did the older boomers, whereas the older boomers spent higher amounts and allocated larger budget shares on their children's education than did the younger boomers. The results of Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) regression analysis showed that, holding other factors constant, older boomers not only spent significantly more in the total consumption expenditures and education expenditures, but older boomers also saved significantly less than did younger boomers.     

非典与中国的电子商务

探讨了非典对于中国电子商务的影响以及电子商务在此期间发挥出的作用、存在的不足，进而提出了关于如何促进中国电子商务进一步发展的思考和建议．     

Consumption Patterns of Chinese Children

In the ten-year period from 1990 to 1999, children's consumption has increased dramatically in proportion to family income. In 85% of urban families, children's average consumption is equal to one third or more of the family's income. Resources are being directed to children's food and dietary supplements, toys, travel, computers and other electronic equipment, and educational resources. Children perceive that they have a significant influence on the family's financial decision-making. Problems related to children's consumption include indulgence in unnecessary or harmful purchases, and conspicuous consumption that cannot be sustained by the family's income. While some child-focused spending is viewed as enriching development, other expenditures may harm the family's economic well-being and foster an overly materialistic outlook among children.     

宗申集团核心竞争力创新模式比较研究

在市场竞争日益激烈的今天,企业核心竞争力的培育无疑成为众多企业关注的焦点。本文运用比较分析方法论述了宗申集团的核心竞争力创新模式。在借鉴与分析海尔集团核心竞争力的基础上,对宗申集团的创新模式提出了几点建议。     

高校全程就业指导模式构建研究

目前高校就业指导现状已不适应高等教育和社会发展的需要。本文以心理测量指导、职业生涯设计指导、学业指导、择业指导、创业指导、升学指导六大指导为主线建构全程化的就业指导模式,全程就业指导就是从大学一年级开始,根据职业指导理论和大学生发展阶段,对大学生分年级、分阶段,结合学生共性与个性,提供全程化就业指导,以实现双向选择、人职匹配和职业目标。     

邓小平国家安全思想探析

邓小平国家安全思想的主要内容包括:最高准则是维护国家利益和主权安全,立足点是独立自主,实现国家安全的根本途径是提高综合国力以及维护国家安全的重要手段是建设现代化国防等。本文对这几个方面进行了详细的分析。     

基于时变参数的中国总量生产函数估计

总量生产函数是宏观经济增长分析和技术进步定量化测算的基础,传统方法估算总量生产函数具有很多不足之处。利用1952—2005年中国宏观经济数据,建立时变参数模型,应用卡尔曼滤波算法,对我国1952—2005年间历年的总量生产函数进行了估算。研究结果表明:利用时变参数估算生产函数较好地捕捉到了经济政策的重大事件对于总量生产函数的影响,可能是理论与实际情况更加接近的一种拟合。我国技术进步和资本、劳动的产出弹性三者相互影响,呈同方向变化,并且技术进步对资本的产出弹性影响较大,对劳动的产出弹性影响较小,1978—2005年间我国属于节约资本型技术进步。     

论唐代山水题画诗的时空艺术

唐代题画诗审美时空的层次构成具有多重性,它融合了客观物理时空和中国画时空的特性,成为一种特殊的诗歌审美时空。在唐代山水题画诗中,诗人对画面时间二度审美,将画面凝固性的时间转化为永恒性和超越性的时间,给画面时间赋予了生命意识内涵。唐代山水题画诗中的空间则具有广远性和包容性的审美特点。广远性的特点显示出中国诗与画在空间意识上的相通,包容性则不但体现了诗人对绘画空间的二度审美,而且折射出诗人主体对外在空间驾驭、掌握乃至与其融合的理想。唐代山水题画诗隐逸的诗旨和诗中所表现出来的迷茫心态,体现了中国画时空的不确定性所造成的审美心理效应。