在内外因的交互作用中把握德育过程

德育是一个综合化、系统化的内外因交互作用的过程,它既包括个人的内化过程,也包括诸如家庭、学校、社会的外塑过程。只有认真把握内化和外塑这两个过程的特点和规律,不断创新德育工作方法,才能使德育工作收到实效。本文着重论述了德育过程中个人"内化"过程的主动性、自主性、独立性、体验性,以及作为德育"外塑"过程的家庭德育过程、学校德育过程、社会德育过程各自的地位、特点、存在的问题以及解决问题的方法,以期对做好德育工作起到积极作用。     

Ordering competition: the interactional accomplishment of the sale of art and antiques at auction

Auctions provide an institutional solution to a social problem; they enable the legitimate pricing and exchange of goods where those goods are of uncertain value. In turn, auctions raise a number of social and organizational issues that are resolved within the interaction that arise in sales by auction. In this paper, we examine sales of fine art, antiques and objets d'art and explore the ways in which auctioneers mediate competition between buyers and establish a value for goods. In particular, we explore how bids are elicited, co-ordinated and revealed so as to rapidly escalate the price of goods in a transparent manner that enables the legitimate valuation and exchange of goods. In directing attention towards the significance of the social interaction, including talk, visual and material conduct, the paper contributes to the growing corpus of ethnographic studies of markets. It suggests that to understand the operation of markets and their outcomes, and to unpack issues of agency, trust and practice, we need to place the 'interaction order' at the heart of analytic agenda.     

Generic Processes in Aligning the Multiple Bases of Identity: The Case of Becoming a Ministry Student

Identity theory distinguishes three bases of identity—role, group, and person—but studies have typically focused on one identity at a time. The interrelationship among the multiple bases of identity remains understudied. This study examines the multiple bases of identity individuals engage on their way to becoming ministry students. The results reveal the advantage of examining the multiple bases of identity as subcultural processes, the utility of qualitative research for expanding the empirical scope of identity theory, and the possibility of employing structural symbolic interactionist concepts within a processual symbolic interactionist agenda.     

On gart's test for interaction of second order

Gart (1972) ottered a Statistic on testing the hypothesis of no second-order interaction in a 2×s×t contingency table. The statistic was tn be used as an asymptotic chi-square with (s-1) (t-1) degrees of freedom. We show that this statistic suiters from the drawback that unless certain side conditions hold, the statistic would reject the null hypothesis with probability approaching one asymptotically even in the null case. Hence the statistic is not strictly valid for the hypothesis for which it was intended.     

The Development of Peer Interaction in Infancy: Exploring the Dyadic Processes

Peer interaction is an important component of children's social repertoires that is associated with a variety of developmental outcomes and life skills. The present study provides an in‐depth study of early dyadic peer behaviors during the infancy period, during which social competence with peers is first being developed. Results from variable‐centered analyses highlight the effectiveness of behaviors, such as offering objects to peers, and point to the importance of the social context set by a peer's prior social behavior and processes for eliciting peer responses. Findings from person‐centered analyses reveal marked individual differences in the processes through which infants are successful in eliciting responses from their peers, illustrating the presence of multiple pathways to achieving social competence with peers.     

China Daily文化报道话语模式的认知分析及其对外语学习的启示

十八大以来，提升国家传播能力、建构国家文化形象已上升至国家战略高度。新闻媒体作为中国文化传播的“窗口”和“中国故事”的“诉说者”，在文化传播中发挥着至关重要的作用。语言是文化的载体，China Daily文化报道的话语模式的研究为外语学习提供了启示。基于China Daily文化报道的话语模式所提出的“文化—概念—语言”三维习得互动指出了语言习得、概念习得和文化习得的缠绕关系，旨在提升外语学习者的跨文化交际能力和文化传播能力，从而更好地传播中国文化，塑造良好的中国文化形象。     

The Past in the Present. Lessons on Semiotics of History from George H. Mead and Boris A. Uspensky

This article examines the parallels between George H. Mead's theory of time and Boris A. Uspensky's semiotics of history, looking for implications relevant to the symbolic interactionist theory of historical processes. It suggests that Mead's theory of time and theory of communication hold important implications for semiotic analysis of the historical dimension of sociocultural phenomena. A further aim is to link the symbolic interactionist tradition of the Chicago school with the Tartu school and its semiotics of history. This would fuel the further development of both theoretical orientations.     

词语语义加工中N400影响因素研究述评

作为语义加工大脑指标的N400成分受多种因素的影响。研究者从词类、词频、拼写相似性、语义关联、词语具体性、语境以及词汇隐喻等方面对词语语义加工中影响N400成分的因素进行了大量的研究。然而，这些研究对词语的出现条件进行了严格的限制：对词语列表中的词语的考察脱离了语境的制约，对完形填空中词语出现概率的考察受到句法结构的制约。本文对这些影响N400成分的因素进行了评述，建议该领域的研究重点可以倾向于脱离句法结构的条件限制，考察不同结构中词语或词语组合的语义加工过程，倾向于词语语义加工的跨语言渗透，并提出在词汇学习或教学中遴选词语的策略和语境制约的作用。     

The Synthetic Situation: Interactionism for a Global World

Presented as the Distinguished Lecture at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Symbolic Interaction in Boston, Massachusetts, on August 1, 2008, this article rethinks central assumptions of the interaction order as conceptualized by Goffman and others with respect to global domains of activity. 1 It proposes two new concepts, that of the synthetic situation and that of time transactions. Synthetic situations are situations that include electronically transmitted on‐screen projections that add informational depth and new response requirements to the “ecological huddle” ( Goffman 1964 :135) of the natural situation. Global situations invariably include such components; we also find that temporal forms of integration may substitute for joint territoriality of copresence in the natural situation. Based on research on global currency trading and other empirical examples, I identify four types of synthetic situations and describe the synthetic situation's informational character, its ontological fluidity, and the phenomenon that synthetic situations may become role‐others for participants. I outline the response system of synthetic situations, sketching out the concepts of response presence and its implications in this context as well as the importance of embodiment. I also discuss time transactions and the idea of fatefulness as a symbolic charge linked to the synthetic components of the situation.     

互动在认知建构中的定位

认知在互动过程中不断趋同,又不断分化与超越。互动使各种不同表征的认知系统相互作用,联结建构成具有差异的统一体。在互动过程中,互动个体的认知状态经历了＂初始建构者＂＂孤独建构者＂和＂社会建构者＂三个不同阶段。互动建构的知识并非都是真理。互动所形成的稳定语境,即具有排他性,也具有保护性。权力强加于社会,迫使个体参与权力规训的社会互动,使社会语境发生了根本性的改变,但有时权力无法抗拒原有社会语境从而默认原有社会语境的存在。