试论邓小平关于"发展"与"稳定"的思想

邓小平在综览当代世界政治经济形势,深刻反思近百年来特别是最近几十年来中国社会发展的曲折历程的基础上,提出了独具特色的关于社会"发展"与"稳定"的思想,以及这一思想付诸实现的具体措施."发展"与"稳定"思想具有动态平衡性.     

Computer Assisted Life Review

Abstract

A positive life review process is crucial to the resolution of the last of Ericson's developmental life crises, ego-integrity vs. despair. This paper describes and discusses: (1) the importance of the life review process and life review therapy; (2) the nature of idea processors, a type of computer software; and (3) ways that idea processors can be useful in facilitating a therapeutic life review process for elderly individuals.     

《噶玛巴为明太祖荐福图》回回文初探

13世纪波斯语成为在中国生根的一种外语、一种少数民族(即回回人)的族内共同语言,也是中国对外交往,特别是与伊斯兰文化圈的国际交际语言。明朝建立之后,承续元朝传统,波斯语不仅继续成为明朝与外国交流的语言,而且在国内政治生活中仍然起着重要作用,于是兼通汉回两种语言的回回人受到重视。①波斯文就是在这样一种背景之下,成为书写《荐福图》的五种文字之一。     

论多民族国家的政治理念及其贡献--以中国多民族国家与美国民族-国家的比较为例

西方学者认为,当前的世界是一个由“民族-国家(nation-state)”构成的“国际体系”。随着工业资本主义的全球扩张,“民族-国家”体系也已经扩张到全球的每一个角落;“民族主义(nationalism)”迄今为止仍然是全球范围内影响最为深远、最具有号召力的政治口号之一。但中国作为一个特例,在经历了引进“民族主义”话语的时代以后,却最终选择了“多民族国家”的政治理念,并在现实运作中稳步发展,这表明“民族-国家”及其“民族主义”意识形态并非这个世界上的唯一选择。     

试论杨应琚教育主张对青海教育的影响

本文回顾了青海历史上著名的教育者,着重论述了杨应琚的教育主张以及采取的教育措施,并论述了对青海教育的影响。     

卡约文化的丧葬礼仪

根据大量的考古发掘资料 ,说明卡约文化墓葬出现的诸多丧葬习俗 ,均源自当时人们的灵魂观念 ,并由此产生了各种丧葬礼仪     

A Polynomial Optimization Approach to Principal–Agent Problems

This paper presents a new method for the analysis of moral hazard principal–agent problems. The new approach avoids the stringent assumptions on the distribution of outcomes made by the classical first‐order approach and instead only requires the agent's expected utility to be a rational function of the action. This assumption allows for a reformulation of the agent's utility maximization problem as an equivalent system of equations and inequalities. This reformulation in turn transforms the principal's utility maximization problem into a nonlinear program. Under the additional assumptions that the principal's expected utility is a polynomial and the agent's expected utility is rational in the wage, the final nonlinear program can be solved to global optimality. The paper also shows how to first approximate expected utility functions that are not rational by polynomials, so that the polynomial optimization approach can be applied to compute an approximate solution to nonpolynomial problems. Finally, the paper demonstrates that the polynomial optimization approach extends to principal–agent models with multidimensional action sets.     

基于生态理念的北京市新城发展模式

运用系统论的方法,通过分析北京市生态新城发展模式的构成要素及相应的子系统,以及分析在新城发展层次划分基础上的新城发展运行机制,研究构建基于生态理念的北京市新城发展模式。该模式是政治、经济、社会和环境各子系统之间的相互作用与影响、协调和谐运行,通过新城发展的内在机制、外在机制以及动力机制的作用,实现从新城规划建设到新城运行维护再到新城更新进步各个发展层次新城内部的生态系统的优化,以及新城与中心城之间相互促进与共同发展的模式。     

Analysis of some ruin-related quantities in a Markov-modulated risk model

In this paper, we study the joint Laplace transform and probability generating function of some random quantities that occur in each environment state by the time of ruin in a Markov-modulated risk process. These quantities include the duration spent in each state, the number of claims and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time of ruin. Explicit formulae for the joint transforms, given the initial surplus, and the initial and terminal environment states, are expressed in terms of a matrix version of the scale function. Moments and covariances of these ruin-related quantities are obtained and numerical illustrations are presented. The joint transform of the duration spent in each state, the number of claims, and the aggregate amount of claims that occurred in each state by the time the surplus attains a certain level are also investigated.     

刑事审级制度的现实挑战与应对转型——基于当下刑事司法改革的思考

中国实行四级两审终审的审级制度,这种审级制度设置源于法律移植、历史传统、地缘环境以及认知理念等因素的考量。但是当下正在积极推行试点的刑事案件速裁程序改革、人民陪审员制度改革,强烈冲击了司法裁判生效过程的一元化特征,并对各级刑事审判机关的职能划分提出了挑战,进而影响刑事审级制度的设置。为了更好地适应社会结构的转型和司法改革的推进,中国刑事审级制度的设置应当进行调整,实现司法裁判生效过程的多元化,并重塑各级刑事审判机关的职能划分。