新中国成立之初的外交形象塑造

面对驱除旧中国屈辱的外交形象和赢得国际社会理解与认同的要求,新中国提出了主动塑造外交新形象的思想,设计了新的外交形象的基本内涵,规定了塑造者的基本素质,确立了塑造的基本原则,对外交形象作了全新的塑造,使新中国获得了并不完全与国力相称的良好的外交形象。     

Intuitive Toxicology: Expert and Lay Judgments of Chemical Risks

Human beings have always been intuitive toxicologists, relying on their senses of sight, taste, and smell to detect harmful or unsafe food, water, and air. As we have come to recognize that our senses are not adequate to assess the dangers inherent in exposure to a chemical substance, we have created the sciences of toxicology and risk assessment to perform this function. Yet despite this great effort to overcome the limitations of intuitive toxicology, it has become evident that even our best scientific methods still depend heavily on extrapolations and judgments in order to infer human health risks from animal data. Many observers have acknowledged the inherent subjectivity in the assessment of chemical risks and have indicated a need to examine the subjective or intuitive elements of expert and lay risk judgments. We have begun such an examination by surveying members of the Society of Toxicology and the lay public about basic toxicological concepts, assumptions, and interpretations. Our results demonstrate large differences between toxicologists and laypeople, as well as differences between toxicologists working in industry, academia, and government. In addition, we find that toxicologists are sharply divided in their opinions about the ability to predict a chemical's effect on human health on the basis of animal studies. We argue that these results place the problems of risk communication in a new light. Although the survey identifies misconceptions that experts should clarify for the public, it also suggests that controversies over chemical risks may be fueled as much by limitations of the science of risk assessment and disagreements among experts as by public misconceptions.     

在传统的祭坛上——《白鹿原》女性形象评析

陈忠实的<白鹿原>是我国当代长篇小说创作中不可多得的含义深刻的作品,它体现了作者对传统道德文化回归的深切渴望,但同时又流露出作者对传统道德伦理的矛盾心态.小说中田小蛾等女性形象的塑造正是这种矛盾心态的体现,作品一方面表现她们在伦理道德束缚之下的不幸命运,一方面又以传统的道德伦理为准绳来审视和评判她们,使她们成为回归传统、重塑道德的理所当然的牺牲品.     

现代女性步履的真实文本——茅盾笔下的女性形象与同时代女作家创作的比较

本文通过对 2 0世纪 2 0至 30年代现代女作家小说创作和茅盾小说中的新女性形象特征的比较分析 ,提出文学史上的男性主体作家 (从数量上来说 )中 ,取现实主义的客观、严峻态度进行创作的部分作品 ,有可能成为女性文学创作与研究的鉴本     

失衡的人性:论张爱玲小说中的男性形象

张爱玲继承中外人学的思想潮流,深入意识底层写"破坏"中的男性形象.通过描写精神空虚的失势遗老,浮华于乱世中的纨绔子弟,颓败灰暗的夹缝人物以及极度压抑心理崩溃的一批典型男性形象,集中体现出该时代男性在大破坏的时代背景下,个体社会价值的普遍缺失,导致人性中动物性欲求的极度张扬,社会属性的隐退扭曲,以及由此引起的人性失衡.     

新时代教师队伍建设改革与创新--基于浙江省基本经验的研究

教育的进步,离不开高素质专业化教师队伍建设。以浙江省为代表的我国教师队伍建设经历了三个不同的发展时期:以扩充合格教师队伍为重点的院系调整时期、以发展义务教育师资力量为重点的师范教育稳定发展时期、以提高教师队伍整体素质为重点的教师队伍建设改革时期。浙江省教师队伍之所以能够由“弱”到“强”,教师综合素质、专业化水平和创新能力显著提升,教师年龄结构、学历结构、专业结构和职称结构不断优化,其关键在于围绕教师专业素养、发展活力和职业声望等方面进行了一系列改革。基于对浙江省教师队伍建设基本经验的梳理与总结,探索我国教师队伍建设改革与创新的实践路径,有助于推进高素质、专业化、创新型教师队伍建设。为促进我国教师队伍整体素质的提升,新时代教师队伍建设改革与创新应注重四个方面:在坚守中创新师范精神,促进师范教育专业化;全面深化教师队伍建设改革,建立“新师范”实践共同体;加强师范教育政策扶植,提供必要的政策保障;塑造良好的教师形象,提升教师社会影响力。     

人力资本、公平感知与农村居民基本医疗保险参与——基于四川农村地区的实证分析

城乡居民基本医疗保险作为构成我国社会保障体系的核心内容,既是农村居民获得所需医疗服务、应对健康危机的兜底性保障,也是国家推进基本医疗卫生服务公平均等的基础性政策。然而,基于四川省农村地区的调研发现,仍然存在农村居民没有购买基本医疗保险的现象。深入剖析其影响因素,结果发现:(1)人力资本水平、对基本医疗保险政策的公平感知均会显著作用于农村居民基本医疗保险购买行为;(2)外出务工经历、缴费便捷程度、家庭收入水平等也对农村居民基本医疗保险购买行为有显著影响;(3)当前对基本医疗保险政策知识宣传不够,难以满足农村居民对政策知识的需求。基于以上研究结果,为进一步提高基本医疗保险参与率,提出了优化基本医疗保险政策宣传、提高基本医疗保险政策的认同感和加快医保管理服务系统信息化建设等对策建议。     

电商参与、技术认知对农户绿色生产技术采纳程度的影响

农户的绿色生产技术采纳不仅有利于粮食安全和生态环境保护,而且对农业的绿色生产转型具有重要意义,农产品的电商销售可成为农户进行绿色生产的可能路径。利用有序Logit模型测度电商参与对猕猴桃种植户绿色生产技术采纳程度的影响,使用结构方程模型中的均数方差调整加权最小二乘法 (WLSMV) 和 Bootstrap 法检验技术认知的中介效应,采用倾向得分匹配法对电商参与影响农户绿色生产技术采纳程度进行稳健性检验。研究发现:电商参与显著提高了猕猴桃种植户绿色生产技术的采纳程度,并且技术认知在此过程中起着积极的中介作用。政府应从加大宣传力度、提供技术和政策支持、提高农户绿色生产技术认知等方面提高农户绿色生产技术采纳程度。     

The Seveso Directive: An Italian Pilot Study in Enabling Communication

In 1982 the Council of the European Communities issued a Directive on the Major Accident Hazards of Certain Industrial Activities, commonly known as the Seveso Directive. Besides other requirements, the Directive specifies that members of the public liable to be affected by a major accident from certain industrial activities must be informed of safety measures and how they should behave in the event of an accident. The Directive was subsequently amended in an extensive way. Upon the transposition of the Seveso Directive and its amendments into national legislations, the 12 European Member States are faced with the task of "appropriately and effectively" informing the public about major accident hazards. Delays are observed throughout the community, both in transposing the Directives and implementing public information. A pilot study on "Risk Information Needs" was commissioned and carried out at two Seveso sites in Italy in order to begin to resolve some of the problems involved in the provision of public information and to suggest appropriate guidelines. One hundred subjects answered an experimental protocol designed to assess their "information needs." This article presents the theoretical background, the pragmatic aims, and the design of the study. It also summarizes its most relevant findings and suggests some recommendations for the provision of information to the public.     

What's wrong with sociology? Its public image

In response to editor Stephen Cole's question—"What's wrong with sociology?"—the answer is nothing that cannot be overcome by clearer communications and better public relations. The problem is that the field is not held in high esteem by college administrators, legislators, and the public. Many see us as rebels of the 1960s, political liberals, and impractical thinkers with a penchant for jargon. Even our research is derided by some as a waste of money. The solution consists of strategies for overcoming our poor public image. Seven strategies for doing so are discussed: (1) Write clearly. (2) Write for a mass audience. (3) Seek board positions. (4) Strengthen our identity. (5) Teach sociology in high school. (6) Develop academic partnerships. (7) Emphasize outcomes: increase in tolerance and research skills.