论我国基因安全风险规制困境及其法律对策

基因安全风险是基因安全因特定的威胁而遭受损害、危难和伤害的潜在可能性。规制基因安全风险已成为迫切的社会课题。目前我国关于基因安全风险的立法有宪法、部门法、专门法等，在规制风险上有一定的作用，但还存在法律尚未能对基因科技发展中出现新的问题做出及时的回应等不足。为了更好规制基因安全风险，我国可以借鉴域外的经验，在宪法层面上完善备案审查制度，在民法典中针对基因歧视等新型社会风险做出规定及在其他相关法律制度上做一些调整。     

农村“三变”法律风险防控研究

当前对农村“三变”的研究，涉及政策解读的较为普遍，有关“三变”法律风险的研究则较为少见。为了拓宽农村“三变”的 研究领域，通过对法律法规、国家政策的比较研究，探究农村“三变”的法律风险防控问题。研究发现，公司法调整较为宽泛、空 洞，但进口单一；合作社法调整范围适合风险小、成本低，但成效不足；土地承包法、物权法等规制较为严格，且回旋余地小，为 农户、公司带来了一定的法律风险。针对法律风险提出的防控建议主要有：“三变”尽量进入有限责任公司——公司法的调整 范围。农户要消除“等靠要”，增强法律意识，争当“三变”的主角；公司要积极参与，加深对公司法的理解，争做“三变”的主体； 政府角色再定位，强化法律制度设计，成为“三变”的主导。     

Island refuges for surviving nuclear winter and other abrupt sunlight-reducing catastrophes

Some island nations in the Southern Hemisphere might survive a severe sun-reducing catastrophe such as nuclear winter and be well placed to help reboot-collapsed human civilization. Such islands must be resilient to the cascading effects abrupt sunlight reduction scenarios (ASRS) would impose beyond the impacts on agricultural systems. We aimed to identify island nations whose societies are most likely to survive nuclear winter or other ASRS. We also aimed to conduct a case study of one island nation to consider how it might enhance its resilience and therefore its chance of aiding a global reboot of complex technological society. We performed a threshold analysis on food self-sufficiency under severe nuclear winter conditions to identify islands. We then profiled each island across global macroindices representing resilience factors reported in the literature. We undertook a case study of the island nation of New Zealand. The island nations of Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, the Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu appear most resilient to ASRS. However, our case-study island nation of New Zealand is threatened in scenarios of no/low trade, has precarious aspects of its energy supply, and shortcomings in manufacturing of essential components. Therefore, inadequate preparations and critical failures in these systems could see rapid societal breakdown. Despite some islands’ favorable baseline conditions and apparent food security even in a severe ASRS, cascading impacts through other socioecological systems threaten complex functioning. We identified specific resilience measures, many with cobenefits, which may protect island nodes of sustained complexity in ASRS.