Gender differences and equality issues in Europe: critical aspects of gender mainstreaming policies

Gender mainstreaming is the major global strategy for the promotion of gender equality. Clear intergovernmental mandates for gender mainstreaming have been developed for all the major areas of work of the United Nations and the European Commission, including disarmament, poverty reduction, macro-economics, health, education and trade. The evaluation of equal opportunities mainly focuses on qualification measures for unemployed women and improvements in childcare facilities, and on consideration of gender mainstreaming in other policy areas as well as macro-economic effects on employment and unemployment of women. It is evident that the promotion of qualification measures and childcare facilities increases the activity rate of women, although there remain doubts about the quality and sustainability of many measures and the impact on families. In particular this article focuses on the relation between gender mainstreaming and equality issues to examine whether and how the debate on the topic is a real way to improve equality without missing gender differences and women's rights.     

国有控股上市公司股权激励机制研究

我国国有控股上市公司实施经营者股权激励机制有其理论基础与实践效用支持。文章通过对国有控股上市公司实施股权激励的本土环境考察，认为要实现经营者股权激励机制的预期效果，强化国有控股上市公司监督机制，制定科学的经营业绩考核指标和恰当的业绩考核标准，是股权激励机制实施的关键，同时应充分发挥中国特色社会主义优势，采取精神激励等多种辅助激励手段。     

试论高校教师管理激励机制的健全与完善

激励是高校教师管理工作的核心。在高校管理中通过采取一系列有效措施，建立健全科学的教师管理激励机制，对于高校的发展具有至关重要的作用。目前我国的一些高校管理部门在对教师的激励手段、方式和措施等方面还存在一些问题和不足，激励机制有待于进一步完善。因此，必须针对存在的问题，采取科学的、切实可行的对策和措施，进一步健全和完善高校教师管理中的激励机制，使其更好地发挥自身的作用。     

消费文化转型的激励机制与“两型社会”的构建

消费文化具有引导、凝聚和激励的社会效应,实现消费文化由传统向现代的转型,对于"资源节约型、环境友好型"社会的构建有着不可或缺的作用.因此,有必要在明确"两型社会"消费文化转型取向的基础上,探求消费文化转型的激励机制,以期对推动"两型社会"的构建进程有所裨益.     

Effects of Work Incentive Policies and Determinants of the Socioeconomic Status of Welfare Leavers in an Economically Disadvantaged Area

Abstract

This study explores how work incentive policies influence the socioeconomic status of welfare leavers. Logistic and ordinal regression methods were used to analyze 1999 statewide survey data on West Virginia WORKS leavers. This study found that people who had more months of eligibility remaining for TANF were more likely to have jobs than those with fewer months of eligibility. People who had been sanctioned for noncompliance with work requirementswere less likely to have jobs than those who had not been sanctioned. However, childcare assistance had a significant influence on the employment of welfare leavers. EITC was significantly associated with the expectation of high economic status. Policy implications are discussed.     

信息不对称下医药营销服务外包契约设计

为了缩减销售成本,一些制药企业将营销服务外包给合约销售公司(contract sales organization,CSO).由于CSO的营销努力不可合同化,制药企业需要基于市场销量来激励CSO的营销努力.然而,市场销量受制药企业定价决策的影响,因此CSO将面临制药企业提高定价的道德风险.此外,药品营销难度信息可能是CSO的私人信息,这使得制药企业面临逆向选择问题.当制药企业将营销服务外包给多个CSO时,由于制药企业针对同一药品在不同市场的售价相同,其定价决策对多个CSO所服务市场的销量具有共同的影响.相对绩效的激励契约能够消除共同不确定因素对代理人产出的影响,从而更有利于激励代理人付出高水平的努力.因此依据信息甄别的博弈模型,分析基于个体绩效与基于相对绩效的激励契约的有效性.研究发现:1)药品营销难度信息对称时,基于相对绩效的激励契约占优于基于个体绩效的激励契约,且可以获得全局最优的营销努力和期望利润;2)药品营销难度信息不对称时,两种激励契约均不能获得全局最优的营销努力和期望利润.数值分析表明,药品营销难度的先验概率,市场价格敏感性和高低类型药品营销难度差异的变化会影响制药企业的契约选择,较高的市场价格敏感性和较低的高低类型药品营销难度差异使得基于相对绩效的激励契约更有效.     

高校图书馆人力资源管理现状及其对策

图书馆是高校教学科研高质量进行的重要保障之一.然而高校图书馆多年来一直都被束缚在传统的人事制度和资源分配制度之下,改革进度不大,严重影响了图书馆的建设.笔者认为高校图书馆的建设进入到一个"以人为本"的阶段,以读者为中心开展多种服务,满足多种需要;以馆员为中心,提供宽松的环境发挥其主观能动性和创造性,从而促使高校图书馆进一步发展.而这一切都要先从图书馆的人力资源建设做起.     

不对称信息下的企业人力资本激励机制的设计

文章以不对称信息市场中的委托--代理理论为指导,基于对企业人力资本特点的揭示,分析了人力资本市场由于不对称信息所带来的不利选择问题和道德风险问题.并就如何规避隐藏行动的道德风险问题,给出了解决办法--即建立有效的激励机制.     

试论唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策

本文论述唐宋及以前时期封建统治阶级的治黎政策。     

At the intersection of globalization and ‘civilizational originality’: cultural production in Putin’s Russia

ABSTRACT

This special issue originates from a transnational collaboration of scholars in philology, comparative literature, social theory, sociology, anthropology, ethnography, and media studies. The collection strives to advance a research agenda built on the nexus of three intellectual and academic domains: post-Soviet ‘Russian cultural studies’, the research paradigm put forward by Cultural Studies, as well as empirical methods developed in sociology. The collection illustrates the importance of expanding the experience of Cultural Studies beyond its established spheres of national investigation, while it also speaks to the necessity to re-evaluate the hegemony of the English-language academic and cultural production on the global scale. The collection offers insights into the gamut of cultural practices and institutional environments in which Russian cultural production happens today. It shows how cultural industries and institutions in Russia are integrated into the global marketplace and transnational communities, while they also draw on and contribute to local lives and experiences by trying to create an autonomous space for symbolic production at personal and collective levels. Through diverse topics, the issue sheds light on the agency, i.e. practitioners and participants, creators and consumers, of Russian cultural production and the neoliberal practices implemented on creative work and cultural administration in Russia today. The Introduction outlines the development of academic studies on Russian cultural practices since 1991; describes main political developments shaping the cultural field in Putin’s Russia; and, finally, identifies the Cultural Studies debates the editors of the collection find most productive for investigations of Russia, i.e. the instrumentalization of culture and culture as resource. Relocated in an analysis of a post-socialist society, these conceptualisations seem increasingly problematic in a situation where local and federal policies governing cultural and creative work focus simultaneously on marketization and on nationalism as the main tools of legitimizing the federal government.