我国大学科研不端行为的类型、诱因及后果

大学科研不端行为的类型主要有权力寻租型、弄虚作假型、重复泡沫型和追名逐利型等。科研个体主观上的科研价值认识模糊、科研规范意识淡薄、科研荣辱之情缺乏,以及高校管理体制的政学合一、高校学术职称评定的集权操作和科研纠错机制的被动无力等客观原因是诱发科研不端行为发生的重要因素。科研不端行为既践踏了科研的尊严、毁坏了大学声誉,也阻碍了科技强国,需要我们予以深切的关注。     

CoPS创新用户对系统集成商的激励研究——模型与模拟分析

本文通过模型的建立和模拟,对CoPS创新系统集成商的激励问题进行了探讨。认为在信息非对称条件下系统集成商的创新风险规避度和未来创新收益方差的大小将影响CoPS用户对系统集成商激励方案的设计,进而影响系统集成商最优努力水平的选择以及激励成本和总代理成本的大小,最后,影响各自收益的大小。     

Training,Production, and Channel Separation in ITC's E‐Choupal Network

In recent years, I.T.C. Limited (hereafter ITC) developed the “e‐Choupals” for the rural areas of India. In this new business model, ITC reaches implicit agreements with some farmers (inside the network) that they can sell the products directly to ITC at the market price in the local market, but allow the farmers, both inside and outside the network, to access valuable information through the e‐Choupals. In this study, we investigate ITC's incentive of offering such opportunities, especially to those farmers outside the network, and analyze the farmers’ strategic quantity decisions. We show that the implicit agreement behaves as a formal contract, regardless of the price elasticity of the local market: Once reaching an agreement with ITC, the farmers always give priority to delivering directly to ITC. The e‐Choupal network leads naturally to the complete separation of selling channels, provided that ITC's capacity constraint is not tight. Surprisingly, in a variety of scenarios, ITC finds it optimal to provide the best available training to the farmers outside the network. We further show that our results are not prone to potential cheating in the mandi system, the possible exploitation via postponed payments, and the stochastic effects on the market‐clearing price.     

大学生创新创业激励政策研究

大学生的创新创业工作已成为高校育人体系中的重要组成部分,得到了社会各方面的广泛关注。但在实际的运行中,存在着宣传力度、学业支持、专家指导以及成果转化等多方面的问题。因此,从学生诉求出发,采取尊重学生的多样化需求,整合资源,加速学生第二课堂成果向第一课堂转化,激发学生积极参与的内在动力等举措,将有效地激励学生创新创业。     

新型建筑工业化中供应链战略联盟的经济动因分析

从经济学视角对新型建筑工业化供应链战略联盟的效应进行分析,认为该组织形式能产生链式竞争效应、敏捷性效应、速度经济效应。对威廉姆森启发式模型进行修正,并运用其对新型建筑工业化供应链战略联盟的经济动因进行分析,分析表明新型建筑工业化选择战略联盟治理结构在包括生产成本、治理成本、风险成本的综合成本方面将优于其他经济组织形式。     

Fairness in Selling to the Newsvendor

This paper studies the impact of fairness concerns on supply chain performance (SCP) in the two‐party newsvendor setting. We extend prior fairness analysis to a wide range of demand distributions, and also allow the degree and definition of fairness to assume a broader range of preferences than those in prior literature. Contrary to prior literature, we find that if the retailer's ideal allocation to the supplier is not sufficiently large, regardless of demand variability, a fair‐minded retailer makes no difference to system efficiency when facing a traditional profit‐maximizing supplier. Only when the retailer's ideal allocation to the supplier is above a threshold can the retailer's fairness concern improve the system efficiency for sufficiently high demand uncertainty. In order for the retailer's fairness concern to improve expected profits of both parties compared to the traditional supply chain case (win–win), the demand uncertainty cannot be too low, the retailer is not very averse to disadvantageous inequity, and his ideal allocation to the supplier is within a specific range. If only the supplier is concerned for fairness, the results range from worsening to improving (but not coordinating) the system and a win–win situation is impossible. Finally, when both the supplier and retailer are fair‐minded, SCP is improved unless both parties prefer to allocate small portions of system profit to the other. Again, win–win will be achieved only when the demand uncertainty is sufficiently high, the retailer's ideal allocation is within a certain range, and he is not very averse to disadvantageous inequity.     

创业投资与资本利得税政策设计

分析国际上促进创业投资发展的资本利得税政策设计及绩效,一个良好的资本利得税政策设计必然促进创业投资的发展。而中国如何发展由成熟市场经济制度孕育出创业投资这种创新的金融工具,更是当务之急。目前政府创新扶持政策失效的背景下,资本利得税政策设计是启动中国创业投资发展,进而提升中国经济的增长性和竞争力的突破口。     

Coping with long–term unemployment: economic security, labour market integration and well–being. Results from a Danish panel study, 1994–1999

On the basis of a Danish panel study of the long–term unemployed 1994–1999, the article challenges core premises underlying labour market reforms, assigning too high a priority to work and work incentives, and too little priority to social protection. Economic hardship has become widespread among long–term unemployed even in Denmark, and this is a more serious threat against well–being than unemployment as such. Generous social security, denounced as 'passive support', enables the unemployed to cope with their situation, and there are no signs of any 'dependency culture'. Incentives in terms of economic hardship may stimulate active job seeking but the panel study reveals that it has no positive effect on subsequent labour market integration.     

The influence of CEO equity incentives on licensing

In a study of life science firms, we find that, in accordance with predictions drawn from agency theory and behavioral agency theory, CEO stock ownership is negatively associated with licensing while CEO stock options are positively associated with licensing. Furthermore, by combining theoretical insights from the capabilities literature with both agency theory and behavioral agency theory, we predict that a key measure of capabilities in the licensing context—a firm's alliance experience—significantly influences the ways in which CEO equity incentives impact licensing. More specifically, we find that, in accordance with our theoretical predictions, alliance experience positively (negatively) moderates the relationship between CEO stock ownership (CEO stock options) and licensing. Our study contributes to the wider literature on the determinants of licensing by examining whether licensing is sensitive to CEO equity incentives. We also extend the capabilities literature on licensing by examining the contrasting influences of a firm's alliance experience on the relationship between CEO equity incentives and licensing. Our findings also inform behavioral agency-based research on the effects of equity incentives by highlighting the usefulness of a capabilities perspective in augmenting our understanding of the behavioral role of CEO equity incentives.     

我国行业商会的生成与演进机制分析——基于制度经济学的研究视角

经济体制改革为行业商会的生成与演进提供了土壤。“市场内生”的行业商会是企业与原有制度互动及其纠正预期与现实结果偏离的产物,其演进过程是“选择性激励”和“逆向惩罚”的实现过程,从而促成与原有制度合作均衡的出现,其客观结果是市场秩序趋向健康良性发展。这一过程为我国经济体制与政治体制改革对接提供了提供现实经验和理论借鉴。