Family Policy and After-Birth Employment Among New Mothers – A Comparison of Finland, Norway and Sweden

This article compares the employmentpatterns of women after first and second birthin Finland, Norway and Sweden during 1972–1992,focusing on the impact of parental leave andchildcare programs on the transitions tofull-time and part-time work. The resultsunanimously point to the great importance ofthe programs. Women who are entitled to a paidleave have a much higher overall employmententry rate during the first three yearsfollowing birth than non-eligible women.But since mothers tend to use their fullentitlement, the higher entry rates are largelyconcentrated to the period after leave expiry,except in Sweden where entitled mothers havehigher entry rates also during the leaveperiod. This is probably a result of thegreater flexibility of the Swedish program. Inall countries, leave extensions delay thereturn to work among entitled mothers andreduce their excess entry rate. Moreover, theFinnish home-care allowance system is found toreduce employment entry. On the whole, thissuggests that very long leave entitlements andchild-minding benefit programs could havenegative consequences for women's career andearnings potentials and may preserve an unequaldivision of labour in the family.     

美国项目管理评量表概况及其对我国托幼机构评估的启示

由美国伊利诺伊州惠灵市国立路易斯大学幼儿教育部的教授保拉·约德·布鲁姆和副教授泰瑞·N·塔兰研发并修订的项目管理评量表旨在衡量项目或机构管理的质量,包含人力资源开发、人员成本与配置、中心运营、儿童评估、财务管理、项目策划与评估、家庭伙伴关系、市场营销与公共关系、技术、员工资格等10个子量表,下含25个项目,每个项目有具体指标和赋分规则,使用者按照不充分到优秀7级赋分方式给每个指标进行评分。项目管理评量表整体具有重视管理中人的因素、重视过程性评价、重视儿童权利的保护、重视评估引领作用等特点,在培训、认定评估者,丰富、细化评估内容,规范评估步骤与方法,完善评估支持系统等四个方面给予我国托幼机构评估工作以启示。     

普惠金融发展新路径:赋权与使能双驱动

在文献梳理基础上,统计分析23个省级行政区域2982份有效问卷调查数据发现：普惠金融赋权与提高金融包容性一体两面,并与其他扶贫措施一起让贫困者产生了强烈的内生脱贫动力;同等赋权条件下出现了减贫效应的个体差异,说明减贫障碍不再是金融权利排斥而是金融能力低下,尤其是将信贷转化为生产资本的能力低下,其直接原因是“缺乏投资计划”,根本原因则是“可行能力贫困”。在脱贫攻坚决胜、权利贫困已明显改善的情况下,中国普惠金融发展应当从赋权转向使能,实行赋权与使能双轮驱动方略。     

Association Football and the Representation of Homosexuality by the Print Media: A Case Study of Anton Hysén

In March 2011, Anton Hysén (a semiprofessional footballer currently playing in the Swedish fourth division) became only the second association football (soccer) player of any professional disposition to publicly declare his homosexuality while still playing the game. This article provides a textual analysis of the print media’s reaction to Hysén coming out and examines whether, in 2011, they portray more inclusive notions toward homosexuality than they did in 1990 when British footballer Justin Fashanu came out. The results advance inclusive masculinity theory as a number of print media sources (mostly British) interview Hysén in the weeks immediately after he came out and publish articles that challenge homophobia. Highlighting a change since 1990, a significant number of articles stress the need for the key stakeholders in football (players, fans, clubs, agents, the authorities, and the media) to accept gay players.     

心理所有权和犬儒主义在包容性领导对员工离职倾向影响中的中介作用

以湖南省540名企业员工数据为样本,考察了包容性领导对员工离职倾向的影响以及心理所有权和犬儒主义的中介作用,结果发现：包容性领导与员工离职倾向具有显著的负相关关系,心理所有权和犬儒主义在二者之间具有显著的中介作用。在组织实践中,领导要重视员工的建议,对员工平等和尊重地对待,能够及时有效地与员工沟通,在决策中强调员工参与。这些行为对于降低员工的离职倾向具有重要作用。     

Navigating the “Sea of Goodwill”: Lessons from Regional Veterans Collaboratives

ABSTRACT

Veterans and military families face a complex set of challenges transitioning to civilian life. Following in a tradition of community collaboration and collective impact, we believe that a coordinated community-based approach can help ease this transition. Our comparative case study suggests that veteran collaborative efforts should be based on best principles including a neutral and natural convening organization; the presence of credibility, respect, and trust; resources to administer and facilitate; and using data for planning and implementation. Looking forward, these collaboratives need to address issues of scale, formalizing and broadening their scope to identify and achieve and evaluate their impact.     

Social Justice Approach to Community Development

This article presents a case study examining nonprofit board and director roles in the first 5 years of an organization’s life, using 3 organizational change approaches: contingency, life-cycle, and cognitive-interpretive. Data include monthly board meeting minutes and director’s reports for the first 5 years of a nonprofit human service agency’s existence. The article concludes that although all 3 theoretical approaches are productive explanatory frameworks for organizational change, each one, on its own, is incomplete. The findings point to the need for further theoretical synthesis and paradigm elaboration to inform our understanding of nonprofit director and board relationships.     

包容性发展视角下“准市民”收入增长模式的转变研究——以农民工为例

促进"准市民"包容性发展是新型城镇化发展的关键。基于人的包容性发展视角,构建"收入—地位"模型来论证收入增长模式的包容性内涵。结果表明,因收入结构优化程度低、职业转化能力低的双重制约,现阶段农民工的收入增长模式不具有包容性内涵。在"收入—地位"关系曲线的城乡二元性强化的背景下,农民工应转变收入增长模式,使收入增量达到地位维持或地位提升的收入要求,防止因市民化产生的"地位落差"。     

The Prehistory of MOOCs: Inclusive and Exclusive Access in the Cyclical Evolution of Higher Education

Abstract

In providing free access to educational resources from some of the most prestigious universities in the world, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been hailed as both a revolution and threat for the ‘traditionally elite’ higher education system. Stepping away from the label of ‘traditionally elite’, this article argues that universities actually have relatively open origins and that the democratisation of higher education, as espoused by the big MOOC providers, is not entirely new. Instead, this retrospective analysis of the development of universities indicates a cyclical model of change, one in which waves of inclusivity alternate with bouts of exclusivity. In highlighting this issue, and parallel ideas about university as a ‘place’, this historical overview provides a useful backdrop to contemporary debates about MOOCs. It shows how MOOCs, as they currently appear, are neither revolutionising nor destroying higher education, they are simply part of its cyclical evolution.     

Patterns and Determinants of Paternal Child Care During a Child's First Three Years of Life

SUMMARY

This paper uses retrospective child care data from the NLSY79 to examine the patterns and determinants of paternal child care during a child's first three years of life. We focus on two-parent families with children whose mothers worked sometime between the child's birth date and the child's third birthday. We find that father care is a fairly stable form of care; the average number of months that father care is used during a year is similar to the duration of other forms of child care. In addition, we find that paternal care is often used in conjunction with other types of child care. We further find that different characteristics predict paternal child care according to the timing and extent of care. For those fathers who are the exclusive providers of child care during the first year of a child's life, the incidence of paternal child care is associated with race or ethnicity and a mother's identification with nontraditional gender roles. In contrast, for those fathers who provide some of total child care during the first three years of a child's life, the incidence of paternal child care is more highly associated with the flexibility of a mother's and father's work schedule.