Fitting semiparametric accelerated failure time models for nested case–control data

A nested case–control (NCC) study is an efficient cohort-sampling design in which a subset of controls are sampled from the risk set at each event time. Since covariate measurements are taken only for the sampled subjects, time and efforts of conducting a full scale cohort study can be saved. In this paper, we consider fitting a semiparametric accelerated failure time model to failure time data from a NCC study. We propose to employ an efficient induced smoothing procedure for rank-based estimating method for regression parameters estimation. For variance estimation, we propose to use an efficient resampling method that utilizes the robust sandwich form. We extend our proposed methods to a generalized NCC study that allows a sampling of cases. Finite sample properties of the proposed estimators are investigated via an extensive stimulation study. An application to a tumor study illustrates the utility of the proposed method in routine data analysis.     

Women on strike: mobilizing against reproductive injustice in Poland

The paper employs a lens of reproductive justice (RJ) to discuss the events of the 2016 mobilization against a total abortion ban proposal in Poland. By presenting the context of women’s rights in Poland, especially the abortion debates, we argue that the 2016 Women’s Strike showed that taking a stand for reproductive justice was countered by governmental actions. By using a case study approach, the paper analyzes the Strike as a tumultuous act of women’s solidarity while simultaneously assessing its implications for RJ issues. We discuss the aftermath and the socio-political reticence to acknowledge the complexities of women’s lives and reproductive choices. Further, we provide arguments for applying the RJ framework into discerning the notion of ideal citizens and gendered social control in Poland. This localized analysis has a global relevance by reflecting the impact of worldwide trends in women’s rights activism and RJ in the context of resurfacing nationalisms and populism.     

实验经济学最新发展动态述评

本文全面阐述了近年来实验经济学随着经验积累、电脑技术发展和人才的培养,在研究领域和研究方法上的新发展,并着重探讨了实验经济学目前研究的焦点问题,包括理性假定的研究、激励动机设定的可信程度、实验对象的选定与内部有效性、重复性试验与结论的可靠性、模拟与仿真、实验的现实性等问题,指出了实验经济学研究的意义、不足及其发展前景。     

初析比赛中越位与反越位战术

现代足球的胜利取决于破门得分,而反越位战术已成为一种现代足球破门得分的法宝。只有熟练掌握了这种取胜的关键才能在比赛中掌握场上主动,把锋线变得更加犀利,把后防线变的更机动灵活。从而击败对手,获得胜利。     

Redundancy in Designs

The author contends that a previous Risk Analysis article overemphasized the pitfalls of incorporating redundancy into designs. Relevant aspects of that article are reviewed and commented upon, then the potentials and pitfalls of redundancy in systems and procedures are more broadly discussed. To provide a solid foundation for that discussion, some definitions for systems risk analysis terminology are presented. It is shown that pairs and larger sets of related failures (the physical causes of shortfalls in redundancy effectiveness) can be divided into two types: (1) cascading/induced failures and (2) common-external-cause failures. Each type has its own physical characteristics and implications for mathematical modeling. Service experience with large-commercial-airplane jet-engine propulsion systems is used to illustrate the two types of related failures. Finally, an overview is provided of event-sequence analysis, an alternative approach to systems risk analysis. When the possibility of related failures of mutually-redundant system elements must be accounted for, event-sequence analysis can usually do that better than fault-tree analysis.     

激光双光子激发测量Xe原子3P系列能级寿命

本文论述了激光双光子感应荧光法对原子能级寿命的测量。利用激光窄带有选择地激发Xe原子的3P系列能级，从而测量了它们的能缓寿命，观测到的荧光衰变曲线显示出很好的单指数衰变曲线，因而消除了电子宽带激发所带来的级联效应，使能级寿命测量更加精确。     

半导体固体光源诱导荧光检测系统的研制

采用共聚焦光学结构、半导体激光和发光二极管固体光源为激发光源,研制了一种便携式荧光检测系统。整机采用模块化结构 利用分立的检测池模块 可满足微流量分析及常规分析的需要。采用毛细管电泳技术评价了该检测体系,浓度检测限为0~7～10~9M 线性范围为10~2～10~3。     

培育新型农民,建设新农村——基于巴中新农村建设案例分析

本文试图运用新制度经济学诱致性技术变迁、交易费用理论并通过一个案例来说明三个问题: (1)新农村建设中农民是主体,但当农民面对较高的交易费用时农民是不会自发进行技术创新(或引进)的(2)农民是主体,并不意味着办任何事情就该农民出钱、出力;(3)加大农民人力资本投入是新农村建设的关键。     

Polarization in Abortion Attitudes in U.S. Religious Traditions, 1972–1998

Studies have shown that attitudes toward abortion are polarizing. Yet, these studies have not focused upon what is often assumed to be the cause of polarization—religion. In this paper I find that polarization has increased between mainline and evangelical Protestants, as well as between black Protestants and both Catholics and white evangelicals. Moreover, I find that mainline Protestants and Catholics are internally polarizing. Finally, while I cannot determine the cause of the internal polarization of Catholics, the polarization within mainline Protestantism is caused by demographic changes. For white evangelicals, demographic changes have restrained polarization that would otherwise have occurred.     

中国民营高科技企业产权制度变迁研究

由于“公有民营高科技企业”和“民办民营高科技企业”在产权制度演变过程中具有不同的特点 ,因此在向股份制变迁过程中 ,前者应选择政府主导的强制性制度变迁 ,后者应选择诱致性制度变迁 ,并通过后者带动前者以突破公有民营高科技企业产权制度变迁中存在的“诺思悖论”。在两类民营高科技企业的产权制度变迁中存在不同的难点 ,针对这些难点 ,本文提出了具体的对策和建议