上消化道疾病人工智能辅助决策方法研究

在基于电子胃镜影像的上消化道疾病智能辅助决策过程中，现有的方法较少涉及胃镜图像的可疑病灶定位和细粒度分类，且服务延迟较高。此外，这类方法所采用的传统数据扩充方法更进一步的降低了辅助决策方法的实际性能。因此本文提出了基于电子胃镜影像的上消化道疾病智能辅助诊断框架，首先使用条件对抗生成网络实现原始胃镜图像数据增强，然后设计k-Lconv模块，在此基础上开发上消化道病灶检测方法Lconv-YOLO，并利用来自某三甲医院真实的临床数据进行方法验证。实验结果表明，相比同类方法，本方法能够有效提高上消化道疾病推断的平均精度和病灶定位精度。本方法将平均检测一帧胃镜视频的时间缩短至6.73ms，敏感性和特异性分别达到79.39%和87.94%。满足电子胃镜检查过程中的视频帧实时高精度辅助诊断决策。     

The ‘black spot’ on the Crimea: venereal diseases in the Black Sea fleet in the 1920s

This article examines how high command in the Soviet Red Navy responded to reportedly high levels of venereal diseases in the Black Sea fleet in the mid-1920s. Illness in the fleet posed a threat to national security, especially during the first unstable decade of the Soviet Union’s existence. Naval command and the municipal authorities of the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Crimean ASSR) targeted three main points for reform: the source of infection, those who became infected, and the urban space of Sevastopol. The majority of studies of venereal diseases in military populations have been situated within wartime, whereas this article explores the construction of disease during peacetime to interrogate how the naval and municipal authorities in the Black Sea justified intervention into the private, and intimate, lives of sailors and the wider population.     

Accelerated Contagion and Response: Understanding the Relationships among Globalization,Time, and Disease

Abstract

The rapid global transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in 2003 raises questions about the intersections of globalization, time, and diseases. Viewing it as a disease of speed, this article examines SARS as a case of emerging infectious diseases in the context of contemporary globalization. We contend that the SARS crisis exposed the limitations of traditional spatiality-based approaches to infectious diseases, disease control, and health governance. When the advances in information and communication technologies (ICTs) in recent decades have accelerated the diffusion of pathogens, actors at all levels of global public health are pressed to keep up with the new temporalities. While cognitive and organizational innovations arising from technological changes show some hope for addressing these issues on a global level, other temporality-related challenges—such as differential capacities of the affected countries to respond to the simultaneity of the crisis—are yet to be tackled.     

A Probabilistic Transmission Dynamic Model to Assess Indoor Airborne Infection Risks

The purpose of this article is to quantify the public health risk associated with inhalation of indoor airborne infection based on a probabilistic transmission dynamic modeling approach. We used the Wells-Riley mathematical model to estimate (1) the CO2 exposure concentrations in indoor environments where cases of inhalation airborne infection occurred based on reported epidemiological data and epidemic curves for influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), (2) the basic reproductive number, R0 (i.e., expected number of secondary cases on the introduction of a single infected individual in a completely susceptible population) and its variability in a shared indoor airspace, and (3) the risk for infection in various scenarios of exposure in a susceptible population for a range of R0. We also employ a standard susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) structure to relate Wells-Riley model derived R0 to a transmission parameter to implicate the relationships between indoor carbon dioxide concentration and contact rate. We estimate that a single case of SARS will infect 2.6 secondary cases on average in a population from nosocomial transmission, whereas less than 1 secondary infection was generated per case among school children. We also obtained an estimate of the basic reproductive number for influenza in a commercial airliner: the median value is 10.4. We suggest that improving the building air cleaning rate to lower the critical rebreathed fraction of indoor air can decrease transmission rate. Here, we show that virulence of the organism factors, infectious quantum generation rates (quanta/s by an infected person), and host factors determine the risk for inhalation of indoor airborne infection.     

关爱农村“留守儿童”

“留守儿童”是我国社会转型时期的一个特殊群体,他们的父母外出经商、务工,把他们留在原住地交给其祖辈或其它亲属照料,这部分儿童由于长期得不到父母面对面的教育、关爱,存在严重的监护缺失、教育滞后、心理病态发展等问题。笔者认为应以学校寄宿制为主导,家庭、政府和社会多方面力量协调作用,营造关爱留守儿童的社会氛围,构筑起面向留守儿童的一套完备的社会化服务体系。     

榆林市粉尘污染与尘肺防治分析

讨论了榆林市粉尘污染与尘肺防治现状,分析并提出了相应的治理与防治对策。     

“312“经络锻炼法对中老年高脂血症疗效和相关机理的研究

目的探讨“312”经络锻炼法对高脂血症(高脂蛋白血症)的疗效和相关作用机理。方法 30例高脂血症患者坚持“312”经络锻炼法(简称“312”),于“312”前及后1、3、6个月,定期追踪其症状、血压、血脂等指标的变化,观察比较, 分析总结。结果①血脂:30例高脂血症患者其血脂各项指标于“312”锻炼后3、 6mon与“312”前比较均有显著性差异,(P<0．01):②临床疗效:其症状、体征、血压等临床疗效亦相应地有明显好转。“312”3、6mon后显效率各分别为47％、60％, 减轻率43％、37％,无效率10％、3％。结论①“312”能有效地降血脂,长期坚持“312”对高脂血症具有显著疗效。②“312”具有简、便、廉、验的特点,无任何副作用,应大力普及推广,尤其在农村。     

Circadian rhythm of hot flashes and activity levels among prostate cancer patients on androgen deprivation therapy

Abstract

Background: Modifiable risk factors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and erectile dysfunction (ED). We aimed to compare the knowledge about the contribution of modifiable risk factors to the pathogenesis of CVD and ED. The impact of patients’ having modifiable risk factors on the awareness of their negative influence on the development of CVD and ED was examined.

Methods: To this multicenter cohort study, we included 417 patients with CHD who had been hospitalized in the cardiology or cardiac surgery department during the previous six weeks and underwent cardiac rehabilitation in one of the five centers. Knowledge about modifiable risk factors was collected. ED was assessed by an abridged IIEF-5 questionnaire. Comparisons between groups were conducted using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. Relationships were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: The mean number of correctly identified risk factors for CVD was significantly higher than those for ED (3.71?±?1.87 vs. 2.00?±?1.94; p?<?.0001). Smoking was the most recognized risk factor both for CVD and ED. Dyslipidemia was least frequently identified as a risk factor for CVD. Sedentary lifestyle was the only risk factor whose incidence did not affect the level of patient knowledge.

Conclusions: Cardiac patients with ED know more about risk factors for CVD than ED. It is necessary to include information about the negative impact of modifiable risk factors on sexual health into education programs promoting healthy lifestyles in men with cardiovascular diseases.     

Abstracts and reviews

Frank A. Beach (Editor): Sex and Behavior, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, London, Sydney, 1965. 592 + x pages. Price: $8.75.

Richard F. Hettlinger. Living with Sex: The Student's Dilemma. The Seabury Press, New York, 1966.

The Hygienic Principles of Moses Maimonides. J. American Medical Association. Vol. 194, No. 13, page 86, December 27, 1965.

Eleanor Mears (Editor): Handbook on Oral Contraception. J. & A. Churchill Ltd., London, 1965, pp. xv, 107.

Lars Ullerstam: The Erotic Minorities. Introduction by Yves de St. Agnes; translated by Anselm Hollo. Grove Press, New York, 1966.     

Risk Factors for Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection in a California Collegiate Population

Abstract

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in college students has not undergone a detailed large-scale evaluation. The authors undertook a cross-sectional study of 4,086 students enrolled on the campuses of California State University, Sacramento, and 3 local community colleges from fall 2000 through spring 2002. They used an outreach screening model to determine the presence of infection by testing urine for chlamydial DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Participants completed demographic and behavioral risk questionnaires and a chlamydia knowledge assessment. Overall, 3.4% of participants tested positive for infection. Screening of male and female students was evenly distributed and incidence rates for males (3.03%) and females (3.78%) were similar. Variables associated with significantly increased risk were younger than 25 years, ethnicity other than White, more than one sexual partner in the preceding year or a new partner in the preceding 2 months, and current symptoms. Innovative outreach programs to screen a majority of at-risk college students should be developed.