Disclosure Issues in Neuroscience Research

Issues of disclosure arise in neuroscientific research during the informed consent process, whenever incidental findings are identified, and when study results are generated. The possibility of disclosure of incidental findings and/or research results may raise informational expectations on the part of subjects and may alter a study's risk:benefit ratio. We recommend that the informed consent process address this potential consequence of research participation, and specify the conditions under which particular types of information will be offered, the conditions under which information may not be disclosed, and any provisions for helping subjects make sense of the information to be disclosed.     

患者同意能力与民事行为能力之分离研究

医疗实践中,医方往往以民事行为能力的年龄标准来对患者同意能力进行评估,此种将民事行为能力与同意能力混同的作法应当受到质疑。事实上,患者对于特定医疗服务之同意行为并非属于民事行为,且其同意能力与民事行为能力之间更不能划上等号。将患者同意能力与民事行为能力区别开来,不但有利于医疗领域患者知情同意制度的完善,更可使患者的权利得到切实的维护,从而避免不必要的医疗纠纷。     

Comparing Theoretical Perspectives on Female Sexual Offending Behaviors: Applying a Trauma-Informed Lens

This article provides historical and contemporary perspectives on female sexual offending behavior, divided into three sections. The first section provides background context including incidence, prevalence, and mediating factors in female sex offender (FSO) behavior. The second section overviews the evolution of theories used for understanding the etiology of FSO behaviors including psychodynamic, behaviorist, and trauma-informed perspectives. This discussion includes each theory’s background, key concepts, and application to understanding FSO behavior. The final section focuses on lessons learned from this analysis of theoretical thought on FSO etiology and the state of FSO etiology science today.     

An intellectual history of NUD*IST and NVivo

Since the rise of qualitative computing in the mid-1980s, the field of qualitative data analysis has changed in a number of ways, which remarkably have been ignored in the methodological literature, to the detriment of the area's self-understanding. This paper provides for the record an account of the intellectual development of the two qualitative data analysis programs that I have designed, together with Lyn Richards. The theme behind the history is: (1) computing has enabled new, previously unavailable qualitative techniques; (2) some important pre-computer techniques and methods were not supported by computerization of the field, at least until recently; and hence (3) computerization encouraged some biases in qualitative techniques. I hope that this paper will act as a source for a revitalized and up-to-date debate on methods and techniques that recognizes computer use as an agent of change in the field.     

Ratings and rankings: reconsidering the structure of values and their measurement

Despite extensive discussion and analysis over the past three decades, researchers are still divided over the preferability of rating or ranking systems for measuring values. However, the debate originates from the false premise that one method must be used to the exclusion of the other. A conceptualization of the value structure that uses characteristics of both rating and ranking systems opens up theory and research to a more complex understanding of values. Data from the 1995–1997 World Values Survey demonstrate how using both rating and ranking systems can lead to distinct and equally valid conclusions about the differences in value importance among the nations of the world. This suggests that either method by itself provides an incomplete understanding of the value structure. While the potential methodological complications of using both ratings and rankings must be explored, the additional cost would be a productive investment for moving beyond the rating–ranking impasse.     

浅析医疗行为中患者有效同意的法律要件

在医疗行为中,医生充分的说明、患者具备同意能力,且自主自愿的同意是患者有效同意的法律要件。在医疗行为后,患者常以其同意无效为由,要求损害赔偿。因此,在医疗过程中,医方既要尊重患者的自己决定权,加强医患之间的沟通,又要规范自己的操作,加强自我保护意识。     

患者同意在刑法中的价值：医疗例外及其限制

医疗行为，特别是手术行为，是具有侵袭性的潜在伤害行为。基于医疗行为的价值，在刑法层面，有必要排除医疗行为的刑事化。为此目的，在刑事立法中设计“医疗例外”规则是必要的。“医疗例外”的理论依据是刑法中的“同意”抗辩理论。“医疗例外”的适用应瞄准对患者有益且有医疗目的的行为。随着人们观念的不断更新，“医疗例外”将不会仅仅局限于治疗性医疗行为。     

论我国实现患者知情同意权存在的问题及解决措施

随着医学伦理观念的转变和现代医学模式的逐步确立,知情同意权,作为患者的一项基本权利,越来越为人们所接受和认同。尊重患者的知情同意权将有助于防范和减少医疗纠纷的发生,改善医患关系,但是,从目前的实际情况来看,在我国要想真正实现患者的知情同意权还存在很多问题,本文试图在分析这些问题的基础上提出相应的解决措施。     

我国人体器官移植立法之思考

人体器官移植为人类医学救死扶伤带来革命性的变化。本文认真分析了我国人体器官移植立法之必要性与可行性,深入探讨了我国人体器官移植立法的基本原则:知情同意原则、人民健康第一原则、效用与公平原则、规范程序与便于操作原则、违法必究原则。进而对与人体器官移植立法相关的几个问题展开讨论。     

‘Riding the Wave’: Working Systemically with Traumatised Families

This paper draws on the authors’ clinical experience as family therapists, working predominantly with families who have experienced trauma such as sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect, to demonstrate that taking a systemic trauma‐informed approach is a powerful therapeutic modality that can facilitate positive outcomes for all family members. The paper discusses the impact of trauma on relationships, and then outlines a rationale for a trauma‐informed, systemic approach with those traumatised families who are, at times, challenged by excessively heightened behaviour and emotional dysregulation. Drawing from parenting research, it includes a discussion of the place of parent work and how this can be integrated with systemic family work. Key constraints and considerations are highlighted followed by a discussion of key interventions the authors have found useful in building a clinical framework for this work, including what is critical for the therapeutic process. While working with traumatised families is complex and challenging, offering a safe place for families to be in the presence of each other's pain and ‘ride the wave’ of emotions can be a powerful path to recovery.