李家坝煤矿斜井开拓局部冻结关键技术研究

斜井冻结技术尚处于摸索研究阶段，国内无统一的施工规范。在李家坝煤矿斜井冻结工程实践的基础上开展应用性研究，详细阐述了斜井局部冻结的设计原则、施工关键技术，尤其是快速造孔施工及冻结管保温层施工工艺，提出了冻结管保温接头处理方式，成功应用了斜井冻结步进式投入法，解决了斜井局部冻结关键技术，为类似局部冻结工程提供了借鉴和参考。     

1969年前后美国改变对华遏制政策的理论基础与路径选择

1969年前后,国际冷战格局出现了美守苏攻态势,美国政府和领导人从国家利益出发迅速改变对华遏制政策,意图利用中国因素抗衡苏联。美国联合中国抗衡苏联的外交政策改变了国际冷战格局,影响十分深远。     

基于人文的现代营销行为

随着商品经济的发展和市场竞争的加剧，发达的商品经济以其高雅文化的面貌征服了人们的情感，表现为一种双赢的商品交易与极具亲和力的现代营销——“人文营销”。它使企业以人文要素为中心展开营销活动，通过营销整合，营造强烈的人文氛围，重视企业与企业之间、企业与消费者之间的良性沟通及人文关怀，强化竞争及交易双方的亲和力，从而实现有效营销。     

A Genetic Algorithm for the Weight Setting Problem in OSPF Routing

With the growth of the Internet, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) try to meet the increasing traffic demand with new technology and improved utilization of existing resources. Routing of data packets can affect network utilization. Packets are sent along network paths from source to destination following a protocol. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is the most commonly used intra-domain Internet routing protocol (IRP). Traffic flow is routed along shortest paths, splitting flow at nodes with several outgoing links on a shortest path to the destination IP address. Link weights are assigned by the network operator. A path length is the sum of the weights of the links in the path. The OSPF weight setting (OSPFWS) problem seeks a set of weights that optimizes network performance. We study the problem of optimizing OSPF weights, given a set of projected demands, with the objective of minimizing network congestion. The weight assignment problem is NP-hard. We present a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the OSPFWS problem. We compare our results with the best known and commonly used heuristics for OSPF weight setting, as well as with a lower bound of the optimal multi-commodity flow routing, which is a linear programming relaxation of the OSPFWS problem. Computational experiments are made on the AT&T Worldnet backbone with projected demands, and on twelve instances of synthetic networks.     

联结主义理论与英语阅读教学

联结主义理论给英语教学新的启示。本文在理论分析的基础上,结合英语阅读教学的现状和个人教学实践,提出了阅读教学中应用联结主义的教学步骤。探讨了强化注意程度,激活输入的语言信息,提高输出意识的教学方法。     

"过牧"的制度解释及治理的制度设计--对玛曲县人草畜紧张关系的制度经济学思考

黄河源区草地生态环境的恶化趋势,并没有因近几年政策的投入而得到遏制.因此,有必要对其形成原因及治理的制度结构进行分析,以厘清此类地区实现可持续发展所必需的制度创新.以黄河源区的玛曲县近三十年过牧历史为案例,对高寒牧区制度变迁中的路径依赖和锁定问题进行了新的阐释,并对可持续性的制度框架进行了设计.     

Modeling the demand reduction input-output (I-O) inoperability due to terrorism of interconnected infrastructures.

Interdependency analysis in the context of this article is a process of assessing and managing risks inherent in a system of interconnected entities (e.g., infrastructures or industry sectors). Invoking the principles of input-output (I-O) and decomposition analysis, the article offers a framework for describing how terrorism-induced perturbations can propagate due to interconnectedness. Data published by the Bureau of Economic Analysis Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is utilized to present applications to serve as test beds for the proposed framework. Specifically, a case study estimating the economic impact of airline demand perturbations to national-level U.S. sectors is made possible using I-O matrices. A ranking of the affected sectors according to their vulnerability to perturbations originating from a primary sector (e.g., air transportation) can serve as important input to risk management. For example, limited resources can be prioritized for the "top-n" sectors that are perceived to suffer the greatest economic losses due to terrorism. In addition, regional decomposition via location quotients enables the analysis of local-level terrorism events. The Regional I-O Multiplier System II (RIMS II) Division of the U.S. Department of Commerce is the agency responsible for releasing the regional multipliers for various geographical resolutions (economic areas, states, and counties). A regional-level case study demonstrates a process of estimating the economic impact of transportation-related scenarios on industry sectors within Economic Area 010 (the New York metropolitan region and vicinities).     

瞿秋白是探索"农村包围城市,武装夺取政权"的先驱

在1921年7月到1927年7月的毛泽东思想萌芽时期,瞿秋白提出中国革命必须以武装斗争--"革命战争"为主要形式;必须建立革命军队、党指挥枪、进行土地革命;必须建立"农民政权"--实际上就是建立农村革命根据地,以"农村包围城市"思想的萌芽.瞿秋白对中国革命道路理论的前所未有的探索是开拓性的贡献.瞿秋白是探索中国革命道路的先驱.     

A General Model of Some Inverse Combinatorial Optimization Problems and Its Solution Method Under l ∞ Norm

This paper proposes an optimization model and shows that most inverse combinatorial optimization problems so far discussed can be fit into this model as special cases. We propose a Newton-type algorithm for this model under l norm. This algorithm can solve the model in strongly polynomial time if the subproblem involved is solvable in strongly polynomial time for any fixed value of the parameter appearing in the subproblem, and it is shown that most particular inverse optimization problems encountered are this kind. Therefore, through this paper we show that a large group of inverse optimization problems can be handled in a uniform way and solved in strongly polynomial time.