Institutional Governance of Minority Religious Practices: Insights from a Study of Muslim Practices in Danish Schools

An increasing number of studies are concerned with the ways in which the religious practices of Europe's minority populations are accommodated on the political, national and local levels. In this article, I present a case study of Muslim practices in Danish schools. The study is an investigation of how and why six selected practices are governed in Danish schools: halal food, fasting, prayer, head scarves, holidays and mosques. The results underline the importance of the specific practice in question for the way in which it is governed: some practices are easily accommodated, while others are rejected outright by the schools. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how governance of Muslim practices is developed in the absence of national regulation and against the prevailing ideals in the Danish public debate. In fact, the governance developed seems to be a direct response to the number of Muslim children in school and in line with general school ideals of inclusion. However, the results also indicate that more direct involvement by local or national authorities might push schools to be more exclusive with regard to Muslim practices.     

Chemical and Radiation Environmental Risk Management: Differences, Commonalities, and Challenges

Driven by differing statutory mandates and programmatic separation of regulatory responsibilities between federal, state, and tribal agencies, distinct chemical and radiation risk management strategies have evolved. In the field this separation poses real challenges since many of the major environmental risk management decisions we face today require the evaluation of both types of risks. Over the last decade, federal, state, and tribal agencies have continued to discuss their different approaches and explore areas where their activities could be harmonized. The current framework for managing public exposures to chemical carcinogens has been referred to as a "bottom up approach." Risk between 10(-4) and 10(-6) is established as an upper bound goal. In contrast, a "top down" approach that sets an upper bound dose limit and couples with site specific As Low As Reasonably Achievable Principle (ALARA), is in place to manage individual exposure to radiation. While radiation risk are typically managed on a cumulative basis, exposure to chemicals is generally managed on a chemical-by-chemical, medium-by-medium basis. There are also differences in the nature and size of sites where chemical and radiation contamination is found. Such differences result in divergent management concerns. In spite of these differences, there are several common and practical concerns among radiation and chemical risk managers. They include 1) the issue of cost for site redevelopment and long-term stewardship, 2) public acceptance and involvement, and 3) the need for flexible risk management framework to address the first two issues. This article attempts to synthesize key differences, opportunities for harmonization, and challenges ahead.     

诺斯与马克思:关于社会发展和制度变迁动力的比较

道格拉斯·诺斯是新制度主义在经济史学方面的代表。他从总体上说是一个制度变迁动力的多元论者,但又视人口变化是制度变迁的最终动力。本文对诺斯关于制度变迁动力的解释与马克思关于社会发展动力的理论进行了比较,说明诺斯对马克思的生产力一元动力论的批评,即过分强调技术进步、缺少解释技术进步速率的理论,是缺少根据的。本文以有关史实证明,诺斯以人口增减为基本动因对所谓“两次经济革命”的解释是不成立的;不可更改的历史事实始终对马克思的一元论唯物史观提供着坚实而有力的支持。     

制度变迁中国家作用的经济学分析 --兼论建立社会主义市场经济体制必须进一步发挥国家的积极性

制度变迁是指制度的替代、转换与交易过程。由于国家具有强制性、垄断性以及规 模经济的优势,不论是在制度变迁的需求和供给上,还是在不同类型的制度变迁以及解决制度变 迁的路径依赖上,国家都发挥着独特的作用。而中国经济体制的转型过程,从实质上说,就是一个 制度变迁的过程。为了顺利实现和尽早完成由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转型,必须进一步 发挥国家在这一制度变迁中的积极作用。     

"过牧"的制度解释及治理的制度设计--对玛曲县人草畜紧张关系的制度经济学思考

黄河源区草地生态环境的恶化趋势,并没有因近几年政策的投入而得到遏制.因此,有必要对其形成原因及治理的制度结构进行分析,以厘清此类地区实现可持续发展所必需的制度创新.以黄河源区的玛曲县近三十年过牧历史为案例,对高寒牧区制度变迁中的路径依赖和锁定问题进行了新的阐释,并对可持续性的制度框架进行了设计.     

论政府生态规制的制度优化

生态市场由于产权不安全或不存在、外部性与公共性等原因失灵,需要政府生态规制的介入,以求提高生态市场的运行效率。但现实情况是,作为一个公共产权机构,政府的生态规制运行机制也常常出现失灵。因此,应针对政府生态规制失灵的主要原因,探讨其优化的制度安排,包括强化对生态规制者的规制、建立公共租金消散机制、放松生态规制和优化生态规制。     

制度变迁过程中政府行为及其对家族企业的影响

政府是制度变迁过程中的重要主体。政府行为能导致"有效率的政府"和"无效率的政府",中国政府的行为在制度变迁过程中发生了很大转变,但主要特点是政策治国,而不是制度治国。作为非国有经济中的主要力量,中国家族企业在经济发展等诸多方面发挥了重大的作用。但政策行为中的某些因素制约或阻碍了家族企业的壮大,由政策治国到制度治国,为家族企业提供良好的制度环境是新时期政府行为转变的主要职能。     

可持续发展的经济分析及其局限性

可持续发展概念界定的原有缺陷使得其理论难以转化为持续的实践.可持续发展的实施过程实质上是经济人在成本约束下追求收益最大化的趋利过程,也是制度激励和约束经济人的过程.经济人在通过向自然索取谋求福利增加的同时必然会与自然产生相互冲突但又相互依存的关系,因此,为了实现可持续发展,需要在自然资源和环境资源管理上制定合适的制度安排以维持人与自然的"交易秩序".     

《上海理工大学学报》第2届编委会名单

半个世纪以来,中国高校后勤处于学校管辖之下,其规模从一个部门到整个学校,形成了"学校办社会"的格局.自从改革开放以来,通过中国高教领域后勤工作者不断地探索和实践,在创立全新高校后勤社会化体制方面已取得了开拓性的成果.在借鉴国外高校办学经验与分析我校办学现状的基础上,本文就中国高校后勤社会化与人才培养效率进行了研究与探索.     

Managing Serials in an Institutional Repository: An Interview With Kay Teel

ABSTRACT

In this interview from March 2017, Kay Teel, metadata librarian for serials and arts resources at the Stanford University Libraries, discusses the issues involved in providing access to serials through an institutional repository.