通用智能试题管理系统的设计

讨论了通用智能试题管理系统的总体设计思想及其实现方法,对图形存储与管理、试题查询、自动组卷、试卷排版打印等一系列关键性技术进行了详细说明,同时简要介绍了系统的主要特点.     

发展湛江零售业的问题与对策

本文对湛江市零售业的现状、态势及发展战略选择进行分析研究。提出完善企业的经营体制,强化管理和营销手段,走连锁化道路,发展多种业态,重点讨论了今后发展的对策建议。     

基于电话的住宅智能系统设计

给出了一种基于公用电话网进行远程控制和检测的住宅智能系统,包括居家安全、家电控制,自动抄表等系统.     

医疗体制弊端与药品定价扭曲

通过对中国医疗体制和药价管制模式的分析,我们发现公立医疗机构在药品零售环节上的双向垄断地位是导致药价虚高的根本原因,医疗服务价格低估导致的“以药补医”机制赋予了医疗机构抬高药价的合法权力,而收益率管制政策进一步诱导医院进销高价药品。此外,单独定价政策加之宽松的新药审批制度为药厂提高药价、医院购销高价药提供了便利。所有这些问题的出现根源于政府管制措施的失当。因此,解决药价虚高的根本措施是减少政府管制,放开处方药零售权,改革公费医疗和医疗保险报销制度,打破公立医院垄断。     

论慕课对教授人格魅力的挑战

"慕课"在我国的高等教育界掀起一股热浪,当热浪逐渐平复,我们再以理性的视角审视"慕课"时会发现,"慕课"并没有我们想象的那么美,尤其是它弱化了教授的人格魅力对学习者的影响力。面对"慕课"的挑战,对于教授自身而言,要努力提升自身人格魅力;对于教育者而言,要将慕课与我国传统的大学模式融合,更好地发展我国未来的大学教育。     

Promotion Planning and Supply Chain Contracting in a High–Low Pricing Environment

Demand forecast errors threaten the profitability of high–low price promotion strategies. This article shows how to match demand and supply effectively by means of two‐segment demand forecasting and supply contracts. We find that demand depends on the path of past retail prices, which leads to only a limited number of reachable demand states. However, forecast errors cannot be entirely eliminated because competitive promotions entail some degree of random (i.e., last‐minute) pricing. A hedging approach can be deployed to distribute demand risk efficiently over multiple promotional campaigns and within the supply chain. A retailer that employs a portfolio of forward, option, and spot contracts can avoid both stockouts and excess inventories while achieving the first‐best solution and Pareto improvements. We provide an improved forecasting method as well as stochastic programs to solve for optimal production and purchasing policies such that the right amount of inventory is available at the right time. By connecting a stockpiling model of demand with the supply side, we derive insights on optimal risk management strategies for both manufacturers and retailers in a market environment characterized by frequent price promotions and multiple discount levels. We employ a data set of the German retail market for a key generator of store traffic—namely, diapers.     

Shelf Loathing: Cross Docking at an Online Retailer

Online customers expect to wait, sometimes for a delay of many days. At the fulfillment center, there might be an opportunity to fill customer orders earlier than the due date through a cross‐docking transaction: rather than picking the item from inventory, the item moves directly from the receiving to the shipping dock, saving shelving and picking transactions. While cross docking reduces shelving and picking costs, it risks changing customer expectations for how soon a product will be delivered. Given customer order arrivals random in quantity and due dates, random replenishment arrivals, and costs (or benefits) for shipping a product early, we characterize the optimal decision as to whether to cross dock a replenishment item to fulfill demand that is not immediately due or to wait to (hopefully) cross dock in later periods. With multiple demands and due dates, the cross‐docking decision depends on the number of unfulfilled demands in each period across the horizon, the number of units that have just arrived (available for cross docking), picking and shelving costs, and the delay cost (or benefit). We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process, determine the structure of the optimal policy, and propose a well‐performing heuristic.     

The Strategic Role of Third‐Party Marketplaces in Retailing

Retailers are increasingly adopting a dual‐format model. In addition to acting as traditional merchants (buying and reselling goods), these retailers provide a platform for third‐party (3P) sellers to access and compete for the same customers. We investigate the strategic rationale for a retailer to introduce a 3P marketplace. Our analysis provides insights into the growing prevalence of 3P marketplaces. We show that by committing to having an active 3P marketplace, the retailer creates an “outside option” that improves its bargaining position in negotiations with the manufacturer. This can explain the increasing prevalence of such marketplaces. On the other hand, the manufacturer would prefer to eliminate the retailer's outside option and should seek to limit or prevent sales through 3P marketplaces. This is consistent with actions that several manufacturers have taken to limit such sales. Interestingly, if the manufacturer fails to eliminate sales of competing products through the 3P marketplace, then the best strategy for the manufacturer is to allow the retailer to dictate the terms of their contract. This is because a powerful retailer will rely less on its outside option in generating profit, and therefore it will increase the fees charged to 3P sellers and soften the competition between 3P sellers and the manufacturer. The decrease in competition will lead to an increase in the value of outside option of the manufacturer and improve its profit. Additionally, we find that the presence of a 3P marketplace benefits consumers, but this benefit diminishes as the retailer becomes more powerful.     

零售行业捆绑销售策略对顾客忠诚影响实证研究

本文基于关系投资模型,实证研究了零售行业捆绑销售策略对顾客忠诚的影响。结果表明,零售企业除了能在短期内实施捆绑销售策略增加促销效果以外,还能够在长期中实施捆绑销售策略提升顾客忠诚。具体做法是,企业应重点关注价格折扣的使用,从而间接地提高顾客忠诚;注重提高捆绑销售的产品或者服务之间的互补性;如果捆绑销售的产品或者服务互补性低,企业则应该相应地提高该产品或者服务组合的价格折扣,从而获得较大的个人投入与顾客忠诚。     

教学场地资源智能调度系统的研究及设计

介绍了基于Web的教学场地资源智能调度系统的设计目标、设计原则、数据模型、体系结构和功能框架,系统是以数据库技术、互联网和通信技术为依托,通过服务器与客户端的连接,实现在局域网上对教学场地资源的信息化管理,并通过短信平台发布调度处理信息,以满足师生对场地资源使用的需要,提高场地资源利用率,提高管理工作准确性。