粮食产量、高征购、大队干部与“大饥荒”——以白鹤、三益大队为中心

本文利用1962年无为县委农工部对襄安公社白鹤、三益两个大队的调查报告,揭示了大饥荒时期"地区间人口死亡率差异"的复杂性——大队干部个性与能力差异、微地貌差异、代食品生产等。本文并不试图提出一个具有一般性解释力的结论,而在于展示要想真正了解大饥荒时期各地的"人口死亡率差异",就应该尽量从这种差异产生的基层单位——生产大队、公社或县一级进行仔细的分析。     

浙江城市居民生活质量的区域差异：一项基于客观指标的聚类分析

生活质量是城市价值的核心,是一个多层面的复合概念。本文在宏观层次上综合出一套以客观指标构成的生活质量综合评价指标体系。从经济生活、社会保障、教育文化、生命健康、生活环境和交通通讯六个层面来衡量浙江省11个城市的居民生活质量状况．并运用聚类分析、方差分析等技术对各个城市生活质量的区域差异进行了比较研究．最后对如何提高城市居民的生活质量提出了一些建议。     

中国老年人自我供养率：影响因素的实证分析

本文使用国家统计局2005年全国1％人口抽样调查数据,通过数据处理构建模型,引入了老龄化程度、受教育年数、社会保险参保率、城镇化程度、健康指数和婚姻状况六个因素。比较分析了影响总体老年人、男性老年人和女性老年人三类人群的自我供养率的差异,同时也比较研究了东中西部地区老年人供养率的差异程度。文章分析表明三类人群自我供养率的显著影响因素各不相同,东中西部地区老年人的自我供养率差异不显著,但是养老保险参保率与婚姻状况对三个地区都有普遍的正向统计显著性。     

“奥斯曼主义”思潮始末——兼析“奥斯曼主义”与“泛突厥主义”之异同

"奥斯曼主义"是奥斯曼帝国后期兴起的一种民族主义思潮.该思潮往往和别的思潮并存于帝国后期,尤其是它曾和"泛突厥主义"一起成为了青年土耳其党人专政时期的主流思想,致使不少人无法区别二者,进而混为一谈.通过科学分析,我们发现这种认识误区的根源乃是大多数人对"奥斯曼主义"远不及对"泛突厥主义"了解,或者说,我们还没有全面而彻底地认清"奥斯曼主义"的历史特殊性.本文正是试图还原作为民族主义思潮的"奥斯曼主义"之本来面貌.     

邯郸企业对外宣传英译问题研究

为了提高邯郸市企业的经济实力,应该重视对外宣传资料的重要性,在中文宣传资料的翻译过程中要注意中外文化背景的差异和语言风格的不同。在此基础上,采用具体的翻译对策,如减译、编译、述译、缩译、并译和改译等。只有综合并变通地应用这些翻译策略,外宣资料翻译的质量才能真正得到提高。     

Selection and influence processes in academic achievement—More pronounced for girls?

Friends tend to be similar in their academic achievement. In this study, we investigate whether this similarity results from students selecting friends with similar achievement or from friends influencing students’ achievement. In particular, we argue that selection and influence effects should be stronger among girls than among boys. Using friendship network data on 1273 German secondary school students and stochastic actor-oriented models for the co-evolution of networks and behavior, we find selection effects only among girls, which is in line with our theoretical arguments. By contrast, influence effects contribute to achievement similarity among both boys and girls.     

Is the outcome of frailty syndrome gender dependent?

ABSTRACT

We assessed the relationship between the stages of the frailty syndrome and the development of limitations in the activities of daily living, hospitalization, and death among women aged ≥80 as compared to men over the course of 12 months. The Fried criteria and selected tests of comprehensive geriatric assessment were performed in 213 participants (phase 1). After 12 months, detailed feedback on the general health and functioning was collected (phase 2). Statistically significantly higher mortality (p < .05) was found among men as compared to women. The number of deaths in the frail group was higher among frail men than frail women (p < .007).     

社会资本对农民工心理健康的影响——基于福建省农民工的调查

基于福建省农民工调研数据,采用有序Logit模型从积极心理感知和消极心理感知两个维度系统考察社会资本对农民工心理健康的影响及其群体差异。研究发现:社会资本整体上显著影响农民工的心理健康;社会资本对农民工心理健康的影响存在显著的群体差异。据此提出,应进一步完善顶层设计以强化农民工的社会信任、发挥社区优势以拓宽农民工的社会网络、健全心理健康疏导机制以解决农民工的心理问题等,以保障农民工的心理健康。     

Explaining differences in gender role attitudes among migrant and native adolescents in Germany: intergenerational transmission,religiosity, and integration

This study examines gender role attitudes of native and migrant adolescents in Germany and attempts to explain why adolescents of Turkish, former Yugoslavian, and Eastern European origin tend to have more traditional attitudes than their native peers. In order to do so, it combines a migrant–native comparative approach that highlights the impact of religiosity and host society integration with an intergenerational transmission perspective that emphasises the continuity of gender role attitudes across generations. The empirical analysis relies on dyadic parent–adolescent data (N?=?2744) from the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries. It demonstrates the importance of incorporating intergenerational transmission processes to fully understand attitude differences between natives and migrants: a substantial part of native–migrant gaps in gender role attitudes can be attributed to migrant parents’ more traditional attitudes and a strong transmission of attitudes across generations. Once intergenerational transmission and the influence of religiosity and integration have been accounted for, the remaining differences between gender role attitudes of native and migrant adolescents are small.     

Do Predictors of Gambling Involvement Differ Across Male and Female Adolescents?

We examined gender-specific factors, which might be related to adolescent gambling behavior, using a comprehensive set of predictors from neighborhood, school, family, peer, and intrapersonal domains. Discriminate function analyses revealed a unique pattern of results for each gender. The noteworthy predictors for males were similar to what is found to be predictors of other risk behaviors, suggesting that there may be a similar etiology to gambling participation as found with other risk behaviors. Compared to males, the model for females suggests that parents and peers may have a greater influence on engagement in gambling behavior. Participation in unstructured activities, and risk attitudes/perceptions were the only consistent noteworthy predictors across both males and females. Implications are discussed.