学科交叉、会聚与高校科技创新能力建设

随着科学前沿的不断突破,重大的原创性科技成果大多产生在学科交叉、会聚的过程中。学科交叉、会聚的跨学科研究已成为我国高校提升科技创新能力的重要手段。但是,目前我国高校开展学科交叉研究还存在制度和环境等制约因素。要化解这些制约因素,需要高校不断营造有利于科技创新的环境,改革大学基层学术组织机构,完善学术评价体系,汇聚创新人才和加强科技创新平台建设。     

Reflective Debriefing: A Social Work Intervention Addressing Moral Distress among ICU Nurses

ABSTRACT

Health-care workers may experience moral distress when they are unable to act as they believe is ethically appropriate in their clinical work. A social worker-facilitated protocol called Reflective Debriefing was developed and tested for alleviating moral distress through regular debriefings with nursing staff on an intensive care unit (ICU). Forty-two ICU nurses completed a Moral Distress Scale-Revised (MDS-R) at the beginning and end of a 6-month period, during which time regular debriefings were offered. The overall level of moral distress on the ICU surveyed was found to be low to moderate. The top three most frequent situations causing moral distress reported by most nurses in this study were related to the provision of nonbeneficial care in the ICU. Participants reported gaining the most benefit from feeling empowered to constructively confront other staff members about truth-telling in giving a prognosis. Nurses’ overall response to the intervention was positive, with 100% of participants requesting to continue the Reflective Debriefing sessions either on a monthly or on an as-needed basis. The response to the intervention emphasized the importance of interprofessional collaboration to successfully combat moral distress among health-care workers and may protect them from burnout, detachment, and even quitting their profession.     

Getting Unstuck: Interdisciplinarity and Aging

Continuing the dialog initiated by Scheff in the March issue of Sociological Forum, we reflect on some of the challenges involved in interdisciplinary research.     

From Emplaced Knowing to Interdisciplinary Knowledge

ABSTRACT

In this article, we discuss how experiential and unspoken ways of knowing produced through a video-based approach to sensory ethnography can be made meaningful and relevant to the applied practice of design and engineering scholars. We advance discussions of sensory ethnography by interrogating and making explicit the analytical processes that turn the sensory knowing of the ethnographic encounter into convincing accounts of everyday realities whilst engaging new sensitivities and ways of seeing that in themselves contribute to cross-disciplinary knowledge. We argue that through a more self-conscious appreciation of how and where experiential categories become applied knowledge the value of a sensory ethnography approach in design-centered energy research can be realized.     

没有儿童的儿童史(上)——对近代中国儿童史研究的回顾与反思

近代中国儿童史研究内容分四个方面,一是儿童被教育,包含国内教育、留美教育、相关人物思想及童子军等;二是儿童被保护,相关研究主要集中在儿童保育、难童、溺婴及童工等;三是儿童被认知,主要包括文学、书刊出版及儿童观等;四是儿童自身的研究,主要有学界对儿童的行为、事务的研究和成人的童年记忆叙述。比之于儿童被教育、被保护、被认知,有关儿童自身的研究太过单薄,不可相提并论。没有儿童的儿童史,准确地击中了近代中国儿童史研究的要害、薄弱之处。强化儿童自身研究,是近代中国儿童史学界的努力所在。     

Promoting public health through community engagement: Embracing the journey

ABSTRACT

This case study recounts and analyzes the journey that graduate students, enrolled in an experiential, interdisciplinary health promotions course, took with a diverse, urban, Black, Midwest community. Community members, faculty, and graduate students in social work and public health were fellow travelers on this voyage into uncharted territory. A major goal of the journey was to teach students how to recognize community strengths and to facilitate the community in using those strengths. The learner’s stance is used as the guiding principle for this reflective journey that generated serendipitous benefits and challenges. The article concludes with recommendations for interdisciplinary education and curriculum development.     

A sensorial No Man’s Land: corporeality and the Western Front during the First World War

ABSTRACT

During the First World War in France and Belgium life on the Western Front was predominantly lived below the surface. The proliferation of hitherto unimaginably powerful weaponry rendered surface existence untenable. This retreat into the earth necessitated a complete revision of soldiers’ somatic engagement with their immediate environment. In my work as an archeologist of modern conflict landscapes, I have devised a methodology which combines archeological exploration with participant sensation or “sensory ethnography” to interrogate these complex, ambiguous and often dangerous subterranean places. In this article I show that as the war destroyed it also created new realities in which the senses were forced to work together like never before under the pressures of industrialized warfare. My work suggests how a holistic investigation (grounded in sensorality) of particular modern conflict landscapes can take the form of an ethnographic archeology, or an ethnography of the dead, demonstrating the potential for archeology and anthropology to work together in the increasingly interdisciplinary field of modern conflict studies.     

中国人文社会科学跨学科研究成果评价探析

跨学科研究成果的评价是颇具挑战性的重点和难点问题,国内外人文社会科学跨学科研究成果评价在某些方面形成了初步的共识,但是总体上相关探讨尚在起步阶段。文章在已有研究的基础上,就人文社会科学跨学科研究成果评价的总体原则、评价指标、评价方法等进行探讨,以期为科研管理部门制定相关政策提供参考。     

英语专业人才培养模式探讨——以西安建筑科技大学英语专业为例

结合西安建筑科技大学文学院英语专业的实践与探索,分析理工院校英语专业面临的危机以及在培养目标、课程体系、师资队伍、教学管理体系、教学内容及方法、实践教学环节以及人才培养的阶段等方面培养复合型、应用型外语人才的相应措施,以期探索复合型外语人才培养模式,依托学校优势学科,遵循外语学科发展的基本规律,实现可持续发展。     

论梁启超“新史学”的方法论特征及其对20世纪中国历史学的影响

在许多研究梁启超"新史学"思想的著述中,大都就"新史学"的救亡与启蒙功能作了许多细致的挖掘,而对于"新史学"所倡导的跨学科的治史方法涉及不多。"新史学"在当时确实起到了济世救国的作用,现在重新回首"新史学"走过的百年历程发现,它在20世纪中国历史学中彰显出的魅力则在于倡导一种总体史的著史范式和多学科的治史方法,并为日后唯物史观派史学的诞生奠定了基础,与唯物史观派史学一脉相承。