Bayesian and maximum likelihood estimations of the inverted exponentiated half logistic distribution under progressive Type II censoring

In this paper, the estimation of parameters, reliability and hazard functions of a inverted exponentiated half logistic distribution (IEHLD) from progressive Type II censored data has been considered. The Bayes estimates for progressive Type II censored IEHLD under asymmetric and symmetric loss functions such as squared error, general entropy and linex loss function are provided. The Bayes estimates for progressive Type II censored IEHLD parameters, reliability and hazard functions are also obtained under the balanced loss functions. However, the Bayes estimates cannot be obtained explicitly, Lindley approximation method and importance sampling procedure are considered to obtain the Bayes estimates. Furthermore, the asymptotic normality of the maximum likelihood estimates is used to obtain the approximate confidence intervals. The highest posterior density credible intervals of the parameters based on importance sampling procedure are computed. Simulations are performed to see the performance of the proposed estimates. For illustrative purposes, two data sets have been analyzed.     

基于DotLucene的桌面搜索引擎的设计与实现

针对通用搜索引擎不能很好地解决多源文档全文检索的问题,研究了开源全文检索工具包DotLucene的体系结构和主要功能模块,设计了基于DotLucene的桌面搜索引擎,实现了根据数据资料的内容(而不是外部特征)从海量信息资源中检索出用户所需要的文档.运行结果表明,该搜索引擎快速高效,可以方便地嵌入到各种应用系统中,实现针对特定应用的全文索引和检索功能.     

Reliability estimation of generalized inverted exponential distribution

A generalized version of inverted exponential distribution (IED) is introduced in this paper. This lifetime distribution is capable of modelling various shapes of failure rates, and hence various shapes of ageing criteria. The model can be considered as another useful two-parameter generalization of the IED. Statistical and reliability properties of the generalized inverted exponential distribution are derived. Maximum likelihood estimation and least square estimation are used to evaluate the parameters and the reliability of the distribution. Properties of the estimates are also studied.     

收入差距的长期变动特征及其政策启示

从居民收入差距的长期变化特征来看,经济发展中的收入差距变动可能既没有库兹涅茨式的乐观,也没有证据支持皮凯蒂式的悲观.经济发展过程中的收入差距变动,既不存在自发的改善机制,也不存在内生的恶化机制,也许在更大程度上应当归因于具体的经济发展模式、某些具体的经济政策作用的结果.通过比较中美收入分配结构可以发现,我国收入分配中的再分配效应相对较弱;劳动力市场存在对低工资人群的保护不足,而高工资人群中的竞争不足现象.从中可以获得的启示包括,可能并不存在决定收入差距长期变动的简单机制,更应该关注经济发展具体政策的分配效应;完善再分配机制、增强对收入分布中低工资人群的保护,与强化收入分布中高工资人群的竞争激励并不矛盾,在我国收入分配政策中应当避免相反的政策组合形式.     

Computation of bivariate gamma and inverted beta distribution functions

This paper considers the evaluation of the distribution functions of the bivariate gamma distribution of Wicksell and Kibble, and a bivariate inverted beta distribution. Simple expansions of the distribution functions in terms of marginal quantities and the negative binomial probabilities are derived.     

On the Distribution of the Inverted Linear Compound of Dependent F-Variates and its Application to the Combination of Forecasts

This paper establishes a sampling theory for an inverted linear combination of two dependent F-variates. It is found that the random variable is approximately expressible in terms of a mixture of weighted beta distributions. Operational results, including rth-order raw moments and critical values of the density are subsequently obtained by using the Pearson Type I approximation technique. As a contribution to the probability theory, our findings extend Lee & Hu's (1996) recent investigation on the distribution of the linear compound of two independent F-variates. In terms of relevant applied works, our results refine Dickinson's (1973) inquiry on the distribution of the optimal combining weights estimates based on combining two independent rival forecasts, and provide a further advancement to the general case of combining three independent competing forecasts. Accordingly, our conclusions give a new perception of constructing the confidence intervals for the optimal combining weights estimates studied in the literature of the linear combination of forecasts.     

我国民事举证责任倒置范围之探讨

我国民事举证责任倒置范围较为窄狭,不能公正、合理地解决现代社会所带来的在诉讼中的一些新问题,因此,应适当扩大举证责任倒置范围.扩大的举证责任倒置范围可包括共同参与行为致人损害的侵权诉讼,妨害对方举证的行为.     

奥康纳小说对圣经叙事结构的缓引与变异——倒置U形叙事结构的运用

在短篇小说《好人难寻》中，弗兰纳里·奥康纳借用《圣经》中的倒U型叙事结构，通过叙述老祖母一家惨遭“不合适宜的人”的血腥屠杀，展现了人类灵魂由堕落到救赎的过程，从而迫使人们在重新审视现实的鄙俗和人性的堕落中觉醒并反思好人的道德标准。     

A comparison of alternative methods to construct confidence intervals for the estimate of a break date in linear regression models

This article considers constructing confidence intervals for the date of a structural break in linear regression models. Using extensive simulations, we compare the performance of various procedures in terms of exact coverage rates and lengths of the confidence intervals. These include the procedures of Bai (1997 Bai, J. (1997). Estimation of a change point in multiple regressions. Review of Economics and Statistics 79:551–563.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) based on the asymptotic distribution under a shrinking shift framework, Elliott and Müller (2007 Elliott, G., Müller, U. (2007). Confidence sets for the date of a single break in linear time series regressions. Journal of Econometrics 141:1196–1218.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) based on inverting a test locally invariant to the magnitude of break, Eo and Morley (2015 Eo, Y., Morley, J. (2015). Likelihood-ratio-based confidence sets for the timing of structural breaks. Quantitative Economics 6:463–497.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) based on inverting a likelihood ratio test, and various bootstrap procedures. On the basis of achieving an exact coverage rate that is closest to the nominal level, Elliott and Müller's (2007 Elliott, G., Müller, U. (2007). Confidence sets for the date of a single break in linear time series regressions. Journal of Econometrics 141:1196–1218.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) approach is by far the best one. However, this comes with a very high cost in terms of the length of the confidence intervals. When the errors are serially correlated and dealing with a change in intercept or a change in the coefficient of a stationary regressor with a high signal-to-noise ratio, the length of the confidence interval increases and approaches the whole sample as the magnitude of the change increases. The same problem occurs in models with a lagged dependent variable, a common case in practice. This drawback is not present for the other methods, which have similar properties. Theoretical results are provided to explain the drawbacks of Elliott and Müller's (2007 Elliott, G., Müller, U. (2007). Confidence sets for the date of a single break in linear time series regressions. Journal of Econometrics 141:1196–1218.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) method.