Quality strategies in supply chain alliances of disposable items

This paper studies a single-product distribution channel where a supplier manufactures items of a given type, some of which are defective, that are sold by a retailer who only detects a subset of the defective items, passing the rest along to customers. We conjecture the structure of the demand and cost functions, assuming customers to have a decreasing marginal aversion to bad quality while both the supplier and the retailer make marginally increasing efforts to avoid bad quality. This allows us to deduce several implicit parameters of a cost model based on observable data, such as the share of the channel margin. Once the parameters of the model are available, we analyze the result of vertical integration. Although we confirm the well-known fact that vertical integration improves the quality perceived by the customer, we characterize the supplier's decision of whether or not to provide a better quality in terms of the individual channel margins. As an alternative, we derive the conditions under which the supplier and the retailer may devise a mutually beneficial transfer contract that simultaneously increases their profit and improves quality.     

Costs and Rewards of Children: The Effects of Becoming a Parent on Adults' Lives

How do new parents differ from their childless counterparts in social and psychological resources, daily strains, and psychological well‐being? Using a nationally representative panel of 1,933 adults who were childless at the first interview, we compare 6 indicators of adults' lives for those who became parents and those remaining childless several years later, controlling for earlier states. Becoming a parent is both detrimental and rewarding. With the exception of social integration, which is greater for all groups of new parents compared with their childless counterparts, the effects of parental status on adults' lives vary markedly by gender and marital status. Unmarried parents report lower self‐efficacy and higher depression than their childless counterparts. Married mothers' lives are marked by more housework and more marital conflict but less depression than their childless counterparts. Parental status has little influence on the lives of married men.     

知识管理及其在图书馆应用中的研究

文章阐述了知识管理的概念、内涵,简要地分析了知识管理在图书馆的应用,以及知识管理对图书馆发展所产生的积极作用。     

高校中层管理者的素质要求及知识构架思考

创新是现代大学可持续发展的不竭动力。大学管理人员的素质决定着高校的未来。提高大学管理人员的素质,尤其是中层管理人员的素质刻不容缓。高校中层管理者应充分领悟学校的办学理念和高校精神,增强责任感和使命感;坚持终身学习,掌握必要的管理知识,提高管理能力和管理技巧,具有团队精神,善于与人沟通,提高协调和沟通能力,在实践中勇于开拓创新。     

产品创新中管理集成平台的分析与设计

管理集成是产品创新管理的发展趋势之一。管理集成平台是复杂产品创新中管理集成实施的重要支撑技术。从管理集成平台的功能和构成出发,设计了一个管理集成平台的一般模型,它具有对外部环境变化的快速反应功能,能正确规划产品开发过程的有关资源,从而有利于提高产品创新管理。     

提高馆员素质是高校图书馆发展的任务

讨论了图书馆馆员的结构现状和在知识经济时代中的差距,提出在提高馆员综合素质的同时更应从馆员的自身知识结构(包括计算机、通讯、网络和音像知识)出发,提高馆员自身的外语水平,在广泛阅读、了解相关学科和交叉学科的基础上,提高文献检索能力;同时讨论了培养馆员的职业道德,树立“服务第一、用户至上”的理念,才能真正为学校的科研、教学提供最优质的服务等问题。     

英语听力教学与英美文化背景知识的传授

着重讨论听力理解与文化背景知识之间的关系 ,阐明了学生缺乏背景知识对于听力理解的影响 ,并提出了在听力教学中传授英美文化背景知识的方法。     

知识型企业结构、特征及报酬递增效应分析

在市场经济条件下,知识已经成为企业竞争力的源泉.知识经济、知识管理、知识型企业等思想被越来越多的人所接受.和传统企业相比,知识型企业的结构及特征有它特定的一面.文章在分析知识型企业内外部结构的基础上,对知识型企业的特征进行了分析,进而探讨了由其特征所决定的知识型企业生产函数及报酬递增效应.     

论知识经济下复合型外语人才的培养

面对知识经济的挑战,复合型外语人才备受青睐。英语教学必须适应知识经济的新要求,改革现行的考试制度;转变思想观念,更新教育理念;因地制宜,调整课程设置,增设新的教学内容;加强英语教师的培训;制定新的人才培养模式,真抓实干地促进宽口径外语人才的全面发展。     

欧洲一体化进程中的社会福利整合

欧洲一体化是一个经济、政治和文化不断融合的过程。欧盟从建立之初就开始了劳工政策领域的合作,随着区域经济合作加强、移民增加、劳动力市场一体化,各国社会保障制度之间的差异就成了迫切需要解决的问题。社会保障方面的合作越来越受到重视,合作的范围逐渐扩大到促进就业、失业保障、养老保障、医疗和公共卫生等领域,虽然至今还没有欧盟统一层面的社会保障政策出台,但在某些方面已经出现了趋同倾向。