Labor Supply by Farm Operators Under “Decoupled” Farm Program Payments

As part of 1996 legislation, the U.S. began paying farmers production flexibility contract payments designed to be somewhat decoupled from current production decisions. In the labor-leisure model, decoupled payments would be expected to only have a wealth effect, but coupled payments would be expected to have both a substitution and a wealth effect. In this paper, the impacts of the decoupled payments and other government payments on both farm and off-farm labor allocations for farm operators are considered using data from the Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS). Results indicate that government payments tend to increase the hours operators work on their farm and decrease the hours they work off the farm. This is true whether the payments come from programs which tie payments to current year production, or not.JEL Classification: D13, J22, Q12, Q22The authors are agricultural economists with the Economic Research Service (USDA). The views expressed here do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture.     

信息技术、经济增长与劳动生产率增长

1995年之后,美国经济增长速度明显提高,许多学者将其归因于快速的信息技术发展。本文以新古典经济增长理论为基础,采用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,推导出了信息技术资本对经济增长贡献的模型和对劳动生产率增长贡献的模型。然后,根据美国1991~2000年期间的数据,对信息技术投资、经济增长和劳动生产率增长三者之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果证明,1991~2000年期间,信息技术投资对经济增长和劳动生产率增长有非常重要的贡献。在1996~2000年期间对1991~1995年期间的增长差异中,有大约三分之一来自信息技术资本深化的作用。     

关于价值变动规律的某些质疑

本文针对劳动价值论中的价值变动论质疑,提出以下观点:(1)模糊社会必要劳动时间与自然劳动时间的区别,撇开劳动的质,单纯谈论同一劳动时间内创造的总价值不变是不恰当的;(2)用"单位时间内生产使用价值的数量"这一衡量标准,作为"劳动生产率是使用价值的生产效率"的论据至少是不严密、不充分的;(3)当劳动生产率提高时,使用价值和价值都在增长,二者之间并没有发生什么反向运动。继而对劳动生产率的提高重作定义且论证了这一新的认识的理论影响。     

"三个代表"重要思想与完成祖国统一

着重探讨了在"三个代表"重要思想的指导下,完成祖国统一的重要性.完成祖国统一,为经济发展创造必要的外部条件,为海峡两岸的现代化提供新的动力和源泉,这是中国共产党始终代表先进生产力发展要求的现实需要,是建设有中国特色社会主义新文化的必然要求,是始终代表中国最广大人民根本利益、实现中华民族伟大复兴的神圣历史使命.     

我国基本分配制度的实现形式新探

基本分配制度的实现形式并不是一成不变的。随着社会主义市场经济体制的初步确立,社会主义基本分配制度的微观基础和宏观环境也在发生相应的变化。从而,深化对社会主义基本分配制度的认识,进一步探讨其合理的实现形式,是摆在我们面前的重大课题。剩余劳动分享制既是社会主义制度的本质要求,也是马克思主义按劳分配的现代实现形式,同时,也是全面实现小康社会目标不可或缺的分配形式。     

Circadian Rhythm and the Business Person

Each human being has an internal timekeeping mechanism. To date, over 100 so-called circadian rhythms have been detected. Perhaps the most significant is body temperature. There is an apparent connection between this rhythm and the efficiency with which we do things in the course of the working day. Within individuals, patterns have been discovered which give credence to the popular notions of a morning or an afternoon person, and so on. Our memory changes from morning to afternoon: short-term memory is stronger in the morning, and long-term memory stronger in the afternoon; in schools, morning students have higher grades than students who have other time-of-day preferences. Therefore, a strong case can be made in support of flexible time schedules. It is reported that productivity went up on the introduction of such a scheme. Employee stress has been seen to decline also. When flextime was offered, parents with small children took advantage of the benefit as well as unmarried employees. The only drawback is ensuring that, with so many individual variations in preferences, the needs of the company are fully met. If such a scheme can be devised, however, the research suggests that productivity and efficiency will increase.     

关于马克思主义政治经济学的几点注记

从三个方面对马克思主义政治经济学进行了注记：（１）分析劳动力商品数量和价格的决定过程;（２）探讨生息资本与利息的关系并提出资本使用权商品的概念;（３）对自由竞争和垄断的价格、产量及利润进行定量比较,由此揭示垄断所造成的矛盾     

高产、高油、大粒油菜新品种“绵油8号”的选育

绵油8号采用优势互补的优良亲本杂交,通过基因重组、分离和连续定向选择培育而成。其主要优点是产籽量高、含油量高、种子和荚果等农艺性状的商品性好,抗逆性强、适应性广。两年省区试平均比对照增产10．7％,其中增产点增产16.22％;种子含油量比对照高4.4个百分点。适宜在川西、川北等地区推广应用。     

Family Adaptations to Income and Job Loss in the U.S.

Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this study examines the extent to which families experience major economic setbacks and how they respond. Families that experience a substantial loss of income or work hours are more likely to cut back on expenditures, receive public assistance, experience divorce or separation, and move. No evidence that partners are able to compensate for a major income loss by increasing their work hours was found. Initial conditions, such as income and assets, the unemployment rate of the area, and race, affect how a family adapts. Families with fewer resources and those who live in areas of high unemployment are more likely to rely on public assistance, and they are less likely to move, increase the work hours of the female head of household, or cut food expenditures.     

转轨时期中国工业的效率与生产率——动态非参数生产前沿面理论及其应用

本文采用非参数生产率指数方法对转轨时期中国工业经济增长方式的转变程度进行定量研究。文中采用分区域的工业统计数据生产资源配置效率的变化和技术水平的变化两个方面测算了工业生产率的演化,并对生产率增长的内涵、经济增长方式转变的判据、区域性工业经济增长的特征等问题阐述了作者的观点。