SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION: THE AVAILABILITY OF ALCOHOL‐RELATED COURSE CURRICULUM AND SOCIAL WORKERS' ABILITY TO WORK WITH PROBLEM DRINKERS

An explanatory cross‐sectional investigation was employed to assess how well masters‐level social work (MSW) programs in the State of New York prepare students for practice with problem drinkers. The following areas were explored: (1) the incorporation of alcohol‐related coursework and field placement opportunities within MSW programs; (2) the relationship between students' completion of alcohol‐related courses and field placements and their subsequent ability to diagnose clients with alcohol problems, their willingness to work with problem drinkers, and their levels of alcohol‐related knowledge; and (3) subjects' levels of alcohol‐related knowledge in relation to their diagnostic ability and their willingness to work with problem drinkers. The sample consisted of 89 MSW‐level social work practitioners, who were active members of the New York State Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) during the fall of 2005. Fewer than 3% of the sample reported the completion of an alcohol‐related course as a mandatory degree requirement and only 29.5% of the sample acknowledged the completion of an alcohol‐related field placement. These findings suggest that a possible gap exists in what social workers are being taught and what they need to know to successfully work with problem drinkers. The findings indicate that clients with alcohol problems are at risk of going untreated due to social workers' inability to correctly diagnose them as a result of insufficient training in the area of alcohol studies.     

Pathways of disadvantage: Explaining the relationship between maternal depression and children’s problem behaviors

A large body of literature documents that children of depressed mothers have impaired cognitive, behavioral, and health outcomes throughout the life course, though much less is known about the mechanisms linking maternal depression to children’s outcomes. In this paper, I use data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study to estimate and explain the consequences of maternal depression for 5-year-old children’s internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors. Ordinary least squared (OLS) regression models and propensity score models show that children exposed to both chronic and intermittent maternal depression have more problem behaviors than their counterparts with never depressed mothers. Results also show that economic resources and maternal parenting behaviors mediate much of the association between maternal depression and children’s problem behaviors, but that relationships with romantic partners and social support do little to explain this association. This research extends past literature by illuminating some mechanisms through which maternal depression matters for children; by utilizing longitudinal measures of depression; by employing rigorous statistical techniques to lend confidence to the findings; and by using a large, diverse, and non-clinical sample of children most susceptible to maternal depression. Given that early childhood problem behaviors lay a crucial foundation for short- and long-term life trajectories, the social consequences of maternal depression may be far-reaching.     

Policy Diffusion and Policy Transfer in Comparative Welfare State Research

For many years, comparative welfare state research has followed a ‘methodological nationalism’ in the sense that countries were treated as independent units. Yet the recent ‘spatial turn’ in comparative politics has also influenced welfare state research. For some years now, the field has been witnessing a growing interest in questions about interdependencies and policy diffusion between countries. In this article, we provide a structured overview of the state of the art in the policy diffusion and transfer literature that deals specifically with social policy. We present and critically evaluate existing theoretical concepts and quantitative and qualitative methodological approaches that enable the analysis of interdependencies between countries. Moreover, we summarize the empirical findings of quantitative and qualitative studies on the diffusion and transfer of social policy, from some pioneering studies to the latest findings. Against this background we point out what we believe to be promising avenues for future research. We focus on five areas: theoretical work on the mechanisms underlying diffusion and transfer; methodological approaches; the impact of domestic institutions and policy characteristics on social policy diffusion and transfer; programme‐specific dynamics; and the systematic combination of horizontal and vertical interdependencies.     

RESEARCH NOTE Some evidence against the assumption that approval of family planning is associated with frequency of spouses' discussion of the subject

Much previous work on the relationship between respondent's reported frequency of discussion with spouse about family planning and correctness of reporting spouse's approval of family planning has led to the conclusion that discussion promotes approval. In this paper, data from the 1998 Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys are used to show that a focus on the relationship between frequency of discussion and correctness of reporting partner's disapproval of family planning leads to sceptical conclusions about the effects of discussion in improving knowledge of partner's attitude or in promoting approval.     

经理股票期权制借鉴·问题·对策

阐述了企业经理人员股票期权制(ESO)的含义、作用和形式.分析了在我国现阶段推行该计划的主要问题,并据此提出了适合我国企业实情的对策.     

当前我国社会保障存在的问题及其改革措施

自《中华人民共和国劳动保险条例》颁布始 ,中国社会保障制度已走过 50年发展历程 ,社会保障制度从雏形到逐步成熟和规范。当前我国社会保障实践在成绩中隐含着许多矛盾和问题 ,因此 ,应尽快建立起独立于企业事业单位之外、资金来源多元化、保障制度规范化、管理服务社会化的社会保障体系已是迫在眉睫     

模糊车辆路径问题的一种混合遗传算法

在对模糊车辆路径问题进行简单描述的基础上,通过引入决策者主观偏好值的概念,给出了解决该问题的基本思路,建立了具有模糊特征的车辆路径问题的模糊机会规划模型,提出了求解该问题的一种基于模糊模拟的混合遗传算法。同时,在最小化总行驶距离的目标下,通过随机模拟方法研究了决策者主观偏好值的选择对最终决策目标的影响作用,并给出了其最佳取值范围。     

企业多项目管理中的优先排序问题研究

企业在执行多项目管理时,由于其资源的限制,不能够将所有的项目机会都同时付诸实施。本文首先从企业的战略角度研究了如何对项目机会进行优先排序,选择优势项目;其次对企业的多项目实施过程中的项目优先排序问题提出了新的定量方法,并用实例进行了验证。     

代理人努力决策柔性的分成制委托代理模型

针对被忽视的代理人努力决策的柔性,在第0期完全信息条件下建立了基于柔性的代理人努力决策模型和委托人的最优分成制合同设计模型,证明了最优分成比例在柔性决策行为假定下的存在性,并与经典的委托-代理模型的结论进行对比分析.结果表明,努力决策柔性将会提高努力所要求的临界市场价格;最优分成比例随着代理人的努力成本增加而增加,随着市场价格的期望增长率和努力的产量的增加而减小,但不会随着市场价格的波动率的增加而降低;当市场状况差时,经典的委托代理理论给出的分成比例将会给予代理人过高的支付.     

新时期高师院校学生择业心理调查分析及教育策略

为了探讨市场经济条件下，高等师范院校学生的择业、就业心理状况，通过问卷调查，发现高师学生在择业心态及择业心理等方面存在较多问题。高师院校必须通过思想教育、教学改革、更新教育观念等多种途径来提高师范生的择业能力，以达到实现毕业生有效就业的目标。