"大跃进"时期"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法的兴起

1958年,"大跃进"进入高潮,机械工业的发展呈现出诸多耐人寻味的现象。在当时特殊的背景下,"蚂蚁啃骨头"的机械加工方法得到了重视和推广。此加工方法涉及冷、热两大类的机械加工问题,其中"蚂蚁"主要是指所谓的"移动式"机床和"积木式"机床,而"骨头"则是指经铸、锻、焊接等方法处理后的大型工件。"蚂蚁啃骨头"的加工方法主要是依靠工人的经验所采取的一种代用的技术方法,它解决了当时机械加工行业的生产困难,但也被赋予了很强的政治色彩。这种加工方法从一个侧面反映了20世纪五六十年代中国装备制造的工业基础、技术水平,也展示出中国当代的政治、经济和文化等因素对技术发展的影响。     

从“有法之法”看山谷诗学——浅谈江西诗派黄庭坚的诗学主张

黄庭坚作为江西诗派的实际开创者,其诗歌创作理论对后世影响深远。本文主要论述其“有法之法”的理论内涵,并着重探讨其中的“点铁成金”、“夺胎换骨”及读书用事的主张,认为黄庭坚的“有法”最终目的是达到“无法”,有其独特的理论价值与重要意义。     

Association of age and physical exercise with bodyweight and body composition in Asian Chinese men

Background.?The present study sought to examine the association between physical exercise as a lifestyle habit with anthropometric parameters and body composition and aging in men.

Methods.?Intensity of exercise was scored as metabolic equivalent-min/week (MET-min/week) from data of the questionnaire, while anthropometric parameters and body composition were carried out by standard measuring instruments and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanner, respectively.

Results.?Age was associated with decreases in bodyweight, height, total lean mass and bone mass, but an increase in fat mass. The negative association of lean mass with age was predominantly due to the negative association of lean masses in the legs and arm, while the positive association of fat mass with age was primarily due to the positive association of fat masses in the trunk and abdomen. Exercise of intensity greater than 1000 MET-min/week was significantly associated with higher lean and bone masses and lower fat mass. The increase in lean mass was predominantly in the legs, while the decreases in fat mass were in the trunk and abdomen.

Conclusion.?The study showed that the high intensity of physical exercise, equivalent to greater than 1000 MET-min/week, is required to effect beneficial changes in the body composition. Hence, results from the study support the importance of promoting a lifestyle habit of exercise of sufficient intensity in order to mitigate the increase risks of sarcopenia and obesity and their attendant ill effects on health in men as they age.     

去卵巢大鼠股骨远端松质骨的扫描电镜研究

目的 :研究去卵巢大鼠在雌激素缺乏的情况下股骨远端松质骨微结构的变化 .方法 :以三月龄SD大鼠去卵巢造成骨质疏松模型 ,利用扫描电镜对大鼠股骨远端干骺端骨小梁的形态结构进行观察 ,以了解雌激素缺乏时骨小梁的变化 .结果 :雌激素缺乏造成了大鼠骨小梁数目明显减少、骨小梁变细、微损伤增多 .结论 :雌激素缺乏的大鼠股骨远端骨量明显减少、微结构出现了使骨骼力学性能降低的变化 ,导致骨折的危险性加大 .     

The modern management of erectile dysfunction: choices available for treatment

Rat parathyroid hormone (PTH) 1-34 (4?μg/kg/day) was applied for 2.5 months to 9 month-old rats immediately after ovariectomy or orchidectomy or to 15 month-old rats with low bone mass which had been castrated 6 months before in order to know the effects on serum biochemistry parameters, lumbar and femoral bone mineral density, histology, cancellous and cortical bone histomorphometry, mineralisation content profile in cortical bone by backscattered-electron microscopy, and femoral torsion biomechanical testing. In ovariectomised rats, preventive PTH treatment avoided cancellous bone loss in tibial metaphysis and partially in lumbar vertebra, while in cortical bone, PTH increased endosteal resorption and periosteal formation. In intervention study, PTH did not restore cancellous bone but a strong endosteal and periosteal new bone formation was detected. In orchidectomised rats, PTH, in preventive study, avoided cancellous bone loss in metaphysis and lumbar vertebra, and a mild new bone formation in cortical bone was found. In intervention study, PTH maintained baseline cancellous bone mass, but in cortical bone a strong endosteal and periosteal new bone formation was detected. The PTH-induced new bone formation was confirmed by histology and by mineral content profiles. After castration, biomechanical properties were affected in females but not in male rats and PTH reverted this effect.     

Women in the Sandwich Generation:

The demands made upon 66 middle aged women by their elderly parents and the mediating role of adult children continuing to live at home were examined. Contrary to expectations, adult children played a strong supportive function for the women. The demands made upon the women and the supports provided by the adult children are described. Implications for human services practice are examined.     

Effects of testosterone replacement therapy on hypogonadal men with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a subanalysis of a prospective randomized controlled study in Japan (EARTH study)

Objective: We investigated the effects of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) on bone mineral density (BMD) among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis.

Methods: From our previous EARTH study population, 74 patients with a clinical diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis and hypogonadism were included in this study, as the TRT (n?=?35) and control (n?=?34) groups. The TRT group was administered 250?mg of testosterone enanthate injection every 4 weeks for 12 months. The BMD, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat percentage, and muscle volume were measured at baseline and at 12 months. Blood biochemical data, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, hemoglobin A1c, and adiponectin values were also evaluated.

Results: At the 12-month visit, BMD significantly increased in both groups. However, comparisons on changes of parameter values from baseline to the 12-month visit between the TRT and control groups were significantly different in BMD (5.0?±?5.0 vs. 3.0?±?3.2; p?=?.0434) and in adiponectin value (?0.90?±?3.33 vs. 0.10?±?2.04; p?=?.0192). There were no significant changes in other parameters.

Conclusions: TRT for 12 months could improve BMD with a decrease in adiponectin levels among hypogonadal men with osteopenia/osteoporosis.     

Religious Commitment and Social Relationships: Their Relative Contributions to Self-Esteem of Catholic Sisters in Later Life

SUMMARY

In this paper we examine religious commitment and social relationships of Catholic sisters and the relative contributions of these and other variables to their self-esteem in later life. Using a sample of 377 Catholic sisters with an average age of 63.5, we conducted a series of a hierarchical recession analyses to examine the relative contributions of blocks of socio-demographic variables, religious commitment variables, personal relationship variables, and psychological variables to self-esteem. In the overall model, the extent to which relationships were rewarding, perceptions of themselves as women, coping strategies, and perceived self-control were significant and thus predictive of the self-esteem of Catholic sisters.     

MRI在骨巨细胞瘤诊断中的价值

目的 探讨骨巨细胞瘤的表现特点.方法 搜集经手术证实的40例骨巨细胞瘤患者资料,分析MRI征象并与病理结果对照.结果 所有病例在T1WI表现为等、低信号,T2WI为不均匀高信号,Gd-DTPA增强扫描呈中度或明显强化,并可显示瘤内坏死、囊变、出血、含铁血黄素沉着及液-液平面等.结论 MRI对骨巨细胞瘤的内部组织情况及周边情况显示良好,信息全面,可提高骨巨细胞瘤诊断的准确性,对临床治疗方案的选择提供重要依据.     

X 线影像微机骨龄诊断系统研究

讨论了判读 X 线影像诊断骨龄的基本方法:G-P 图谱法和 TW20计分法。在此基础上提出了使用二值逻辑树分段逼近,判读子骨龄段,并运用内插方法获得准确骨龄,这是一种快速准确诊断骨龄的方案。文中研究了微机骨龄诊断系统诊断准确度和错误诊断概率等系统设计问题。最后讨论了系统实现与实验结果。系统在 PC 系列微机上实现,使用典型 X 线骨龄片对系统进行了实际评查。骨龄诊断准确,诊断时间小于3分钟。