‘Allowed into a Man's World’ Meanings of Work–Life Balance: Perspectives of Women Civil Engineers as ‘Minority’ Workers in Construction

This article discusses how women working as civil engineers within the UK construction industry perceive work–life balance and considers strategies they use to achieve this. The findings are presented of a qualitative research project that explored the experiences of women in this role, focusing on the subcultural context of a profession that is dominated by the values of presenteeism and infinite availability. A feminist post‐structuralist framework is used to analyse how women negotiate their personal and professional time and the extent to which their other roles as carers and nurturers unsettle male work practices in this highly gendered profession. There are gradually increasing numbers of women in professional construction roles and their success appears to depend on being able to fit in to the dominant masculine culture of long working hours and the male pub gathering. Despite an increased presence, women's minority status in construction continues to challenge their professional identity and this is central to the conflict many face between the dual roles of corporate worker and private non‐work person.     

The Impact of Flexible Working Arrangements on Work–life Conflict and Work Pressure in Ireland

Recent rapid economic growth in Ireland has been accompanied by a strong surge in the number of women in employment, and this has led to a significant increase in the proportion of dual‐earner families. These changes have brought the issue of reconciliation between work and care commitments to the fore. Flexible working arrangements in firms have been identified as one important means of balancing work and other commitments. In this article we investigate the relationship between four flexible working arrangements; flexitime, part‐time hours, working from home and job sharing, and two key employee outcomes; work pressure and work–life conflict, using data from the first national survey of employees in Ireland in 2003. Our results show that while part‐time work and flexitime tend to reduce work pressure and work–life conflict, working from home is associated with greater levels of both work pressure and work–life conflict. We conclude that it is important to distinguish between flexible working arrangements to discover their potential for reducing work pressure and work–life conflict.     

民主政治建设的共和维度

共和民主制是人类社会的一种政体，是中国近代杰出政治家的共识与选择。共和强调政府的公共性、公平性与中立性，主张在民主基础上公权制衡。共和的核心理念是“天下为公”。市场经济主体是多元的，从计划经济转向市场经济的过程应是政府自觉地培育多元主体的过程，多元之间不是敌对关系，解决的方式是由多元均衡达到社会和谐。公共权力体系应向代表性的阶层、群体或集团全方位敞开，从而达到多元共赢的目的。     

信息技术如何实现契约治理与关系治理的平衡——基于D公司供应链治理案例

运用纵向案例研究,通过过程模型来解析基于契约和关系二元治理平衡的形成路径,打开信息技术与契约和关系的二元治理平衡之间的"黑箱"。研究发现,促进长期跨组织协同的关键在于实现基于关系和契约的治理机制平衡;信息技术能够在跨组织治理过程中实现治理机制的动态叠加,在治理机制不断优化的过程中实现治理机制之间的平衡。这一研究进一步丰富了跨组织治理理论,对中国企业在互联网环境下的长期合作具有启发和指导意义。     

Reliability of global sensitivity indices

Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis is an essential ingredient of model development and applications. For many uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques, sensitivity indices are calculated based on a relatively large sample to measure the importance of parameters in their contributions to uncertainties in model outputs. To statistically compare their importance, it is necessary that uncertainty and sensitivity analysis techniques provide standard errors of estimated sensitivity indices. In this paper, a delta method is used to analytically approximate standard errors of estimated sensitivity indices for a popular sensitivity analysis method, the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test (FAST). Standard errors estimated based on the delta method were compared with those estimated based on 20 sample replicates. We found that the delta method can provide a good approximation for the standard errors of both first-order and higher-order sensitivity indices. Finally, based on the standard error approximation, we also proposed a method to determine a minimum sample size to achieve the desired estimation precision for a specified sensitivity index. The standard error estimation method presented in this paper can make the FAST analysis computationally much more efficient for complex models.     

汇率变动对日本贸易收支影响的实证研究

通过汇率变动对日本贸易收支影响的协整分析,发现实际有效汇率升值会引起日本的贸易顺差减少,但是汇率升值对日本贸易收支的影响不是十分显著,贸易收支的变动还要受到其他各种因素的制约。     

计算气井储量新方法

提出了采用弹性二相法结合物质平衡方程作为计算全井储量的新方法。弹性二相法主要用于气藏开发进入拟稳态以后，要求压力和产量的测量精确，气藏的工作制度对弹性二相法储量也有很大影响，其计算可靠程度已被矿场实际证实；物质平衡方程在开发初期计算精度不高。将弹性二相法与物质平衡法结合建立多目标优化函数，该方法既能很好地应用弹性二相法，又能体现物质平衡，使得该方法适用范围更广，计算结果更可靠，对致密气藏具有更好的推广应用价值。通过实例气井动态储量进行的验证对比表明，该方法在理论上是合理的，实际验证是可行的。     

纸机传动控制系统的配置与控制原理

针对纸机日益高速化、大型化的发展趋势，设计了国内先进的全数字化通信网络传动控制系统。系统采用西门子全集成自动化解决方案，实现造纸生产过程的全线集成控制。高可靠的工业现场总线PROFIBUS—DP和工业以太网相结合的网络结构，有效地实现了数据共享，全面解决了整个工艺过程的控制。文章详细介绍了控制系统的配置和功能，重点阐述了速度链、负荷分配控制、张力控制等主要控制原理。     

国际收支平衡调控分析

针对中国国际收支不平衡问题,采用对比分析的方法,分析了国际收支存在服务、收益项目发展滞后,净误差与遗漏账户逆差,外汇储备过大等问题,提出处理好货物出口与服务出口,汇率贬值与升值,储备增长与防范风险,加强收支统计与打击逃汇、骗汇关系等解决策略。研究结论对调控国际收支有指导意义。     

一种榫卯连接方钢管组装框架模型的荷载 位移曲线试验研究

提出一种榫卯连接方钢管组装框架结构。对两个方向的平面框架模型进行受力性能试验。介绍试验概况，给出框架模型的竖向荷载与挠度和水平荷载与水平侧移曲线，这些曲线介于刚节点框架和铰节点框架之间，属于半刚性节点框架的范畴。