旅游和健身锻炼与健康长寿关系的定量研究

基于中国老年人口健康纵向调查2002年和2005年数据,运用实证方法对影响我国65岁及以上老年人旅游和健身锻炼的相关因素以及旅游和健身锻炼对健康长寿的影响进行定量分析。研究显示在控制诸多干扰因素下,城镇老人、汉族老人、那些具有较高社会经济地位和较多医疗资源以及经常参与闲暇活动老人的外出旅游和参与健身锻炼的比例较高;宗教活动增加出游比例;出游比例具有随龄下降趋势。研究还发现出游和参与健身锻炼有利于健康长寿。     

三峡库区文物保护及其开发

长江三峡工程库区文物保护工作特色鲜明,成交显著。三峡库区文物保护工作的主要做法和经验,即政府重视,前期的科学规划,依法管理、解放思想、不断创新,宣传引导、全民参与,落实文物保护政策、加强科技含量。为搞好三峡库区文物保护后续工作,应把文物保护和开发利用紧密结合起来,充分发挥文物的文化保存、考古、教育、旅游、发展地方经济等综合效益,实现文物保护和地方经验可持续发展。     

Potential support ratios: Cohort versus period perspectives

The ‘prospective potential support ratio’ has been proposed by researchers as a measure that accurately quantifies the burden of ageing, by identifying the fraction of a population that has passed a certain measure of longevity, for example, 17?years of life expectancy. Nevertheless, the prospective potential support ratio usually focuses on the current mortality schedule, or period life expectancy. Instead, in this paper we look at the actual mortality experienced by cohorts in a population, using cohort life tables. We analyse differences between the two perspectives using mortality models, historical data, and forecasted data. Cohort life expectancy takes future mortality improvements into account, unlike period life expectancy, leading to a higher prospective potential support ratio. Our results indicate that using cohort instead of period life expectancy returns around 0.5 extra younger people per older person among the analysed countries. We discuss the policy implications implied by our cohort measures.     

Volunteerism and residential longevity in Saskatoon,Saskatchewan, Canada

This paper examines volunteerism across three neighbourhood types that are differentiated by socio-economic status (SES) in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The three neighbourhood types are defined as Low, Middle and High SES. The study used data collected from two telephone surveys (n = 968 in 2001, n = 997 in 2004) using random-digit dialling, together with in-depth interview data collected from a selected set of survey participants (n = 90). Neighbourhood type and length of residence are shown to have a strong bearing on volunteerism. The interview data illustrates that the quality of volunteer activity that residents engage in differs across neighbourhood types.

少数民族风俗习惯的保持或改革

本文论证了在社会主义现代化建设时期 ,对民族风俗习惯保持或改革的必然性、必要性。     

A host shift from wild blue cohosh to cultivated potato by the phytophagous ladybird beetle, Epilachna yasutomii (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

Life history traits of the phytophagous ladybird beetle Epilachna yasutomii were compared between a nonpest population feeding on wild blue cohosh and a pest population feeding on cultivated solanaceous crops, mainly potato. Newly emerged adults of the nonpest population entered diapause early in midsummer when blue cohosh withered, while adults of the pest population were found in tomato and eggplant fields until late autumn. The pest population had larger females, a higher population growth rate, a shorter larval developmental period, and reduced longevity of overwintered females, compared with the nonpest population. ANOVA indicated that all these life history traits were influenced by the food plant, and that the number of eggs laid per female and the longevity of overwintered females were also affected by the population type. These findings suggest that the life history pattern of E. yasutomii changed to high fecundity with a short life span from low fecundity with a long life span as a result of the host shift from wild blue cohosh to cultivated solanaceous crops. Received: May 22, 1998 / Accepted: January 13, 1999     

《民法典》人格权侵害禁令溯源、性质及其制度构建

为满足及时制止人格权侵权行为的规则供给需求，《民法典》第997条增设了人格权侵害禁令制度。但尚待修改的《民事诉讼法》没有为之提供配套的程序，《民法典》也未进行相应的规定，有必要分析如何构建人格权侵害禁令制度。构建制度的前提是明晰其性质，而学界目前就人格权侵害禁令的性质尚未形成共识，多数观点认为是临时禁令，少数观点认为是永久禁令。鉴于这一制度借鉴自国外制度，借鉴对象的性质及相应规则对于分析我国人格权侵害禁令的性质及制度构建具有重要意义，因而本文从制度溯源开始，结合借鉴对象的性质、功能以及我国的本土语境，分析我国人格权侵害禁令的性质，并提出人格权侵害禁令制度的完善建议。我国人格权侵害禁令制度源自英美法上的禁令制度，而非直接来源于罗马法上的禁止令状或令状制度。英美法上的禁令制度既包括永久性救济，也包括临时性救济，还包括其他法官发出的命令；既有财产保全的内容，也有行为保全的内容，还有行为给付判决的内容。多数观点主张将人格权侵害禁令作为临时禁令的理由并不充分，且不独立于诉讼的禁令制度与我国既有制度相重复。较为妥当的方案是使人格权侵害禁令独立于诉讼，使其具有相对独立的制度功能；基于效率与公正的平衡，使法院既可以迅速发出临时性的人格权侵害禁令，也可以及时发出永久性的人格权侵害禁令，并且在同一程序中，可以先发出临时性禁令要求当事人在程序结束前停止行为，在程序结束时以永久性禁令取代之。基于人格权侵害禁令的内部差异，人格权侵害禁令的审查程序内部也应当具有相应区分。总体而言，人格权侵害禁令的审查程序应当介于诉讼程序与非讼程序之间，情况紧急、作出临时禁令的应当接近非讼程序；其他情形则应当接近诉讼程序。法官审查人格权侵害禁令的申请时需要判断行为人是否正在实施或者即将实施侵害其人格权的违法行为，以及不及时制止是否将使其合法权益受到难以弥补的损害，同时将公共利益纳入考量范围。人格权侵害禁令送达后即生效，对裁判不服的当事人可以向上一级法院申请复议，复议期间禁令仍然有效。人格权侵害禁令生效后被申请人不履行的，法院按照行为执行的规则实施强制执行。     

考虑代销商保鲜努力的农产品委托代销策略研究

农业服务市场发展壮大推动了农产品销售服务模式创新。但是，作为经销模式有益补充的委托代销模式在我国农产品产销对接中还极少被采用。在代销商的保鲜努力影响农产品鲜度和损耗的假设条件下，构建了生产商和代销商的主从博弈模型，比较分析了支付服务费和视同买断两种委托代销方式的最优产品定价、代销期和保鲜努力水平，以及生产商和代销商的委托代销方式选择和达成委托代销协议的条件。结论表明，服务佣金和协议价是影响农产品委托代销策略的关键因素。若协议价足够高，生产商和代销商倾向于采用支付服务费委托代销方式；若协议价处于中间水平，生产商和代销商倾向于采用视同买断委托代销方式；若协议价过低，生产商和代销商不能达成委托代销协议，但是协议谈判的结果更可能向视同买断方式靠拢。此外，服务佣金契约和协议价契约不能协调农产品供应链。