Witnesses’ Appearance in Court and Guarantees for the Defendant's Right to Confrontation

刑事证人出庭作证的主要意义在于保障被告人的对质权。因此，刑事证人出庭问 题基本上可替换为以被告人对质权为核心的必要证人出庭问题。由于中国的刑事诉讼 法及其司法解释并未赋予被告人对质权，实践中必要证人出庭率仅为25%左右。这种 无对质权语境下的刑事审判，通常表现为积极的实体真实主义、定罪量刑的非精细化 操作和裁判正当性来源的单一化。为改变这一局面，有必要确立对质权制度及相应的 保障机制。

关键词: 证人出庭?必要证人出庭率?对质权?裁判正当性

The main significance of witnesses’ appearing in court to testify in criminal trials is that this practice guarantees the defendant's right to confrontation. The issue can thus be framed in another way, as the issue of the appearance in court of the necessary witnesses. Here, the defendant's right to confront is the key point. Since neither China's criminal procedural law nor corresponding judicial interpretations have granted the defendant the right to confront, the rate of appearance of the necessary witnesses amounts in practice to only about twenty‐ five percent. Criminal trials conducted in the absence of the right to confrontation usually conform to the doctrine of positive substantive truth and manifest a lack of care in conviction and sentencing as well as reliance on a single source of legitimacy in reaching judgments. To correct this state of affairs, it is necessary to institute the right to confront and corresponding safeguards.     

浅议《新安名族志》中有关"章姓"的差错

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Little naked pangs of the self: the real performance of the self and the function of trust in Goffman's action theory

The aim of this article is to discuss some of the leading features of Erving Goffman's action theory as an alternative to the ‘orthodox’ paradigms of sociology, viewed as a structuralist and functionalist science that defines social constructs by their shared rules and values, and as a drifting of action, in the sense of intention, toward an individualistic version. The author examines Goffman's shift of the focus of attention from the boundaries of a social sense of action to the social dialectic of ‘defining a situation’ (W. Thomas) as conducted by the social actors in a renewal of Simmel's ‘empowering covenants’ (wechselwirkung) in the multiple casual social connections that make up the ‘social buzz’ in a society. The author moreover discusses Goffman's action as a kind of playacting regulating cognitive and expressive face-to-face ‘traffic’ between the social actors. This relational dynamic creates an interactive play based on encounters – in which one's opening to another is fraught with risks of deception – regulated by trust as a central resource for social interactions. Trust, in its interpersonal and systemic variants, constitutes a universal social datum and an elementary precondition for social exchanges and the cooperation between individuals. Trust, thus, functions as comparer between reciprocal expectations and a regulator of freedom tending to the stability of the social system.     

Do self‐assessment and self‐directed support undermine traditional social work with disabled people?

In recent years, self‐assessment and self‐directed support have become mainstream options within disability services. The Disabled People’s Movement has advocated the need for such change for a long time but this has been persistently resisted by many social workers. In this article, it will be argued that both self‐assessment and self‐directed support undermine traditional social work and that social workers need to begin to work alongside disabled people, rather than ‘for’ disabled people, in order to achieve substantial system change.     

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Development of intercultural competence among US American teachers: professional development factors that enhance competence

The increasing diversity of the student age population in the USA calls for increased cultural competence on behalf of educators to effectively teach students. This article reports on a study of a suburban school district’s initiatives that utilized the Development Model of Intercultural Sensitivity, the Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) as a baseline measurement tool, and subsequent professional development for teachers, to promote the development of intercultural competence. ANOVA and regression analysis models were used to determine the variables that affect teachers’ perceived intercultural competence after their participation in professional development.     

“文学话语活动”理论剖析——兼论童本《教程》的编写

"文学话语活动"无疑是童庆炳主编的《文学理论教程》的一个理论亮点。它既追溯到文学研究的历史起点,又坚持了文学研究的逻辑起点,即文学话语活动自身。这一部分的论述体现出教材编写的理论个性。但也存在一些不足。文章希望通过对教材"文学话语活动"理论的具体剖析,有助于《教程》的进一步完善和教材的编写。     

北宋黄河河防中的官员奖惩机制

在黄河防治中,北宋王朝逐渐形成一套较为完整的官员奖惩机制。而在其运行中,宋廷通过行政升黜、经济赏罚乃至刑事制裁等多重手段的综合运用和实施,从而对激励和制约治河官员致力河政发挥了重要作用。     

庄子哲学的文学特质及其生成机制

对抽象而又深奥的哲学道理进行艺术化的处理和加工,使《庄子》一书具有浓厚的文学色彩,也是其区别于一般哲学著作的首要特征。主要表现在:一是哲学理论的形象化,《庄子》总是借助于众多的艺术形象催活一个个僵化枯燥的哲学思想与观念,从而使抽象哲学观念与具体艺术形象相结合,最终使文本呈现出鲜明的诗思融合、道艺相间之特质;二是哲学概念的生命化,在庄子那里,不仅深奥的思辨理论和玄虚的思想义旨是借助寓言的形式传达出来的,就连一些本来是十分抽象、极具概括力的概念和范畴,庄子也能用文学的笔法把它们描绘成具有丰富思想感情、富有生命活力和灵动感的人与物,从而使抽象的概念获得了生命化的展现;三是哲学语言的诗性化,在庄子的语言系统中,虽然言是意的符号,但却不是一般的哲学符号,而是文学符号和审美符号,具有明显的模糊性、象征性、跳跃性、情感性、音乐性等诸多既密切相关又互有区别的特征。庄子独特的语言哲学观念及相应的隐喻言说实践则是促成这一特质生成的内在机制。     

“基础资产”选择过程中的法律瓶颈——对于“债权”与“收益权”的法律评析

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