新工业革命下我国制造业发展路径分析

探讨新工业革命下我国制造业转型升级的路径。阐述我国制造业的现状,分析新工业革命给我国制造业发展带来的挑战和机遇,提出我国制造业战略转型升级的新思路:以两化融合为契机,加大制造业人力资本投入,加强核心技术研发,完善制造业公共创新服务体系并进一步构建新型政策扶持机制,推进科技成果转化。     

价值共创模式下服务型制造系统的构建

随着技术和经济环境的变化,传统的工业化形式已经不适应现代制造业的发展,“产品+服务”的新型服务型制造成为装备制造业的发展方向。以价值共创理论为基础,通过分析市场变化环境下生产系统和消费系统中生产者和消费者关系的转化,构建融合生产性服务与服务型生产的价值共创模式的服务型制造系统,并结合辽宁装备制造业的实际情况,提出装备制造业构建这一系统可以采用的策略和方法。旨在对装备制造业的成功转型与发展进行有益的探索,为辽宁老工业基地的发展提供理论借鉴。     

灌装包装生产线效率评估系统的设计

针对国内一部分食品企业灌装包装生产线难以量化生产线效率的现状,提出了一套切实有效的生产线效率评估系统。通过评估设备速度V-曲线,以现代信息化技术为基础,提取出关键设备的停机记录,其中包含了停机的起始时间、终止时间、时长、分类、机台和原因等几大关键项内容,然后对内外部因素造成的各类时间损失进行准确量化评估,从而构建以总资产利用率、线毛产出率、设备综合利用率和线效率4项指标为衡量标准的一套生产线效率评估系统。本系统实现了灌装包装生产线数字化过程,整体透视出企业的综合管理能力、部门之间的协调配合能力、设备运行能力和故障处理能力。基于此数字化效率评估系统,可以分析停机成因,识别出影响生产线效率的核心要素,通过针对性的优化手段,达到提高效率的目的,实现降低成本和提高利润的业务目标。     

企业技术创新投入对产品质量的影响

不同规模的企业在技术创新和产品质量上均存在着明显的差异性,因而技术创新投入对产品质量的影响也可能随着企业规模的变化而呈现差异。基于调查数据的实证研究发现：中小型企业技术创新投入对其产品质量的提升具有显著的正效应,而大型企业技术创新投入对其产品质量提升的作用并不显著,显示出中小企业在以技术创新提升产品质量方面具有后发优势。研究建议,应保障中小型企业技术创新资金的有效供给,促进中小型企业共性技术支撑平台的建设,引导中小型企业构建产学研相结合的技术创新体系,培育和发展服务于中小型企业的科技服务中介机构,从而进一步发挥技术创新投入对中小型企业产品质量的提升作用。     

IMPROVING THE DELIVERY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND RELATED SERVICES IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS

The utility of organizational behavior management (OBM) for improving the delivery of special education and related services in public school districts was investigated in three experimental studies. Each study employed a multiple baseline design to judge the efficacy of an OBM intervention on service delivery problems common to most public school organizations. The problems and OBM interventions were: (1) expanding the range of functioning of school psychologists through performance feedback; (2) training special service teams to develop valuable individual education programs (IEPs) with a behavioral, in-service training program; and (3) ensuring the implementation of a special education resource room program by means of program consultation. All interventions were implemented by public school program managers and staff. In each study, the particular intervention resulted in improvement in service delivery performance. Results of the studies are discussed within the context of the recently enacted legislation for the education of handicapped children and in terms of generality to mental health, business, and industrial settings.     

Study of the behaviour of flexible production systems using neural nets

Owing to high development and acquisition costs, production systems require very detailed analysis for pre-design specifications, and an adjustment in operating philosophies. Detailed simulation models are one of the most important instruments to achieve this goal; normally the simulator must be custom-built, based on an accurate study of the specific industrial problem. The proposed management and economical analysis uses mathematical meta-models obtained from experimental designs produced by the simulator; today the detail level and precision required is very high, so these kinds of meta-model operate very close to their limit. Here we present a new methodology based on artificial neural networks that produces new types of meta-models which can correctly represent complex industrial systems. In this work we propose an application of this methodology together with a detailed analysis of the model development phase to highlight the potential of this instrument.     

Validity and reliability of proposed framework of manufacturing excellence in the Indian industry

This article presents the findings of the empirical study of proposed framework of manufacturing excellence (ME) in the Indian industry. The study includes companies from five major sectors, namely automobile, process, machines and equipment, electronics and components and textile. Responses from 90 companies were analysed to explore the validity and reliability of the proposed framework of ME in Indian industry. The developed questionnaire is outlined along with the results obtained from the analysis of the data from the Indian industry. The framework shows high level of reliability and validity.     

Multi-objectives exception management model for semiconductor back-end environment under turnkey service

On-time delivery is the need for customer satisfaction which is a critical factor in the survival of the semiconductor industry. The on-time-delivery performance of the whole semiconductor turnkey service depends on the performance of the back-end factories. Unfortunately, undesirable and inevitable production variations make it difficult to maintain and improve a factory's performance and more objectives such as cycle time, throughput rate and the due-date accuracy need to be simultaneously considered. This paper presents an exception management model in order to compromise the contradicting needs of delivery accuracy, throughput rate and cycle time. The exception model can be divided into three parts: (1) an integrated performance index is proposed to compromise multiple performance measures; (2) an AWDL (available WIP deviation level) determination model is designed to gather proper AWDLs for triggering exceptions and (3) a WIP correction action is proposed to make abnormal WIP levels back to normal levels as soon as possible. To evaluate the proposed WIP exception management model, a simulation model is constructed and experiments are then conducted. The simulation results show that the proposed model helps back-end factories to set proper exception triggering conditions, reduce uncertainty occurrences and achieve better performances on due dates.     

Adaptive agent-based manufacturing control and its application to flow shop routing control

The manufacturing industry is currently facing unprecedented challenges from changes and disturbances. The sources of these changes and disturbances are of different scope and magnitude. They can be of a commercial nature, or linked to fast product development and design, or purely operational (e.g. rush order, machine breakdown, material shortage etc.). In order to meet these requirements it is increasingly important that a production operation be flexible and is able to adapt to new and more suitable ways of operating. This paper focuses on a new strategy for enabling manufacturing control systems to adapt to changing conditions both in terms of product variation and production system upgrades. The approach proposed is based on two key concepts: (1) An autonomous and distributed approach to manufacturing control based on multi-agent methods in which so called operational agents represent the key physical and logical elements in the production environment to be controlled – for example, products and machines and the control strategies that drive them and (2) An adaptation mechanism based around the evolutionary concept of replicator dynamics which updates the behaviour of newly formed operational agents based on historical performance records in order to be better suited to the production environment. An application of this approach for route selection of similar products in manufacturing flow shops is developed and is illustrated in this paper using an example based on the control of an automobile paint shop.     

Key success factors when implementing a green-manufacturing system

This study proposes a three-layer assessment model to evaluate the performance of a green-manufacturing system (GMS) and identify the key success factors of its real-world implementation. The top layer of the model includes three dimensions – green design, green-manufacturing process and green packaging. The second and third layers include ten strategic subjects and 74 assessment factors, respectively. The weights in each layer are collected via a questionnaire and calculated using the analytical network process (ANP). Based on the ANP, the five key success factors for implementing the GMS in a company are proportion of non-toxic materials, compliance with eco-ordinances, proportion of biodegradable materials, environmental pollution per product and extent of process pollution. The practicality of the proposed model is demonstrated by evaluating three companies that produce similar products and share similar business models. The proposed model provides a valuable reference for real-world implementation of the GMS.