Feminization and Labor Vulnerability in Global Manufacturing Industries: Does Gendered Discourse Matter?

Two contested arguments persist in explaining the causes of feminization and labor vulnerability. Some scholars argue that global industries are dominated by female workers as a result of the search for cheap labor. On the other hand, some scholars claim that the primary cause of feminization and labor vulnerability is the gendered discourses of work. Drawing views from readymade garment (RMG) industries of Bangladesh, this paper argues that both economic choices of cheap labor and gendered discourses of work collaboratively contribute to feminizing the labor force. This feminization of the workforce enables the violation of labor rights and benefits capitalists.     

Optimal timing of investments in advanced manufacturing systems under competition

Large initial investment in advanced manufacturing systems (AMS) makes it imperative to develop economic justification methods. Once the new system has been properly justified, a critical issue facing the firm is the optimal timing of the installation in an industry. In this paper we use a game-theoretic model by which the optimal timing of the investments in AMSs is analysed. The existence of timing equilibria is demonstrated and simple decision rules of optimal strategy are provided. Economic interpretations of the decision rules are subsequently made clear. Finally, illustrative examples are used to demonstrate the correctness and usefulness of the analysis.     

基于核心制造规范的外包决策模型及实证研究

本文将制造规范概念引入外包决策,从考虑企业长期绩效和长期竞争力的角度提出了一个以制造规范核心度和流失度为控制变量的二维外包决策模型。决策模型将外包环境分为九种类型,涵盖了从内部制造、各种形式的外包,到简单采购等所有"买或做"的决策,尤其是对介于自制与简单采购之间灰色地带的外包,给出了考虑提供制造规范主体和供应商类型的不同类型合作和联盟治理结构策略。对四个不同类型的企业典型产品近1000个零件的外包决策进行了统计分析,实证了模型的有效性。模型对现实世界观察到的制造企业由于没有按照其中规律行事而导致失败的原因做出了合理而明确解释。     

生产性企业组织学习最优控制模型及其理论分析

运用最优控制理论研究生产性企业组织学习活动的动态最优决策问题.以企业的概念性学习投资率和操作性学习投资率为决策变量,累积知识量、生产率、单位成本和废品率等为状态变量,计划期内的总利润为指标函数,建立了一个最优控制模型,其特点在于规范地描绘概念性学习和操作性学习对企业累积知识量、生产率、单位成本、质量以及企业利润的动态影响.根据生产性企业组织学习和生产经营的实际情况,提出了一些定量化表达的假设和定义.在假设和定义的基础上利用最大值原理分析了所建立的模型,获得了关于动态最优概念性学习投资策略和操作性学习投资策略性质的一些结论,将这些结论与实际问题相结合,指出了在生产性企业组织学习实践上的含义.     

Improving operational plant performance in international manufacturing networks: the effects of integrative capabilities and plant roles

Abstract

This study adopts the resource-based view to examine how two integrative capabilities of a plant embedded in a manufacturing network enhance operational performance: the capability to connect with other plants in its manufacturing network (a networking capability, NC), and the capability to integrate manufacturing processes with new product development processes (a new product development capability, NPDC). Our model tests the indirect effect of NC on cost, quality, flexibility and delivery through NPDC. Furthermore, we test if the relationship between NC and NPDC depends on the strategic role of the plant. Using survey data from a sample of 521 plants, we confirmed the mediating effect of NPDC. However, the moderation effect was not confirmed. Our findings reveal that plants can deploy NPDC capabilities, fostered by NC, independently from their role in the network. This study contributes to the understanding of plant capabilities and plant roles in manufacturing networks.     

Understanding the emergence of redistributed manufacturing: an ambidexterity perspective

Abstract

This paper extends operations strategy theory on efficiency and flexibility trade-offs to the emergent phenomenon of redistributed manufacturing (RDM). The study adopts a multiple-case design including five small and five large pharmaceutical firms. We propose that organizations can gain the efficiency benefits of centralized manufacturing and the flexibility advantages of RDM by building an ambidexterity capability. To build such a capability, large firms can structurally partition their manufacturing and supply management functions, with one sub-unit managing centralized production and the other RDM. Smaller enterprises can build an ambidexterity capability by creating the right organizational context, where multi-skilled workers switch between efficient and flexible tasks. This paper contributes to theory by explaining the emergence of RDM using an organizational ambidexterity lens, laying the groundwork for new theory development in the field. We provide managers with a practical example of how to build an ambidexterity capability to realize flexibility and efficiency advantages.     

从MRPⅡ看销售核算子系统的未来发展

MRPII为制造业提供了一种科学的管理思想和有效的信息处理手段 ,它的有效利用可为企业获得良好的经济效益 ,值得注意的是 :供、销是实现MRPII思想的同时又是维持生产平衡的两大“咽喉”环节。本文从MRPII系统的角度论述了销售核算子系统的重要地位 ,同时论述了销售核算子系统与其他模块之间的关系 ,就MRPII的发展、管理的发展、计算机技术的发展、电子商务的兴起等方面探讨了未来我国销售核算子系统的设计     

制造柔性的期权特征及其经济价值度量方法

本文分析了制造柔性的内涵,对其从生产状态变化的目标和产生来源进行了分类,并对制造柔性从期权的视角重新加以了表述.然后提出当存在市场需求、产品价格和可变成本三种不确定源的情形下制造柔性的多阶段期权定价模型,最后结合蒙特卡洛法实现了对项目投资决策阶段柔性经济价值的度量.     

先进制造技术与企业组织管理模式的变革与创新

实施了先进制造技术的企业由于生产模式的转变 ,出现了系统化 ,集成化等新特点 ,传统组织管理模式与先进制造技术的要求之间存在着许多矛盾和冲突 ,必须按顾客驱动 ,柔性化等原则对企业组织管理模式进行变革与创新 ,才能发挥先进制造技术的优势     

长三角的产业集聚及其省区特征、同构绩效——一个基于长三角产业集聚演化的视角

产业集聚是长三角产业发展的重要特征.文章根据影响产业集聚的一般因素,结合长三角区域经济发展实际,研究了长三角产业集聚的动力机制、空间演化路径和集聚绩效.文章认为,产业的集聚动力在于地区的竞争优势,新经济地理学理论中产业集聚的影响因素则加深和放大了地区的产业集聚过程;长三角的历史沿革、区位优势和中国转轨经济的体制改革特征决定了长三角省区经济空间演化的特征是产业同构;这种以产业同构为主要内容的长三角产业集聚并没有表现为省区经济之间的"重复建设"或者是"恶性竞争",基于在世界经济格局中廉价劳动力比较分工优势的长三角的产业集聚引起的外部性、市场扩大效应和价格指数效应成为区域产业同构具有正面绩效的支撑因素,但地区的工业化进程对相关产业的绩效存在影响.文章的实证研究支持上述结论.