基层民主监督——推进诚信和法治社会建设之匙

基层民主监督是推进科学决策和政治诚信透明的重要抓手,对诚信和法治社会建设具有重要的意义。加强基层民主监督立法、建立健全运行机制,加强信息公开和走群众监督路线是提高基层民主监督的重要举措。     

“省队校办、体教结合”的体育人才培养模式

采用文献检索、问卷调查、访谈、分析比较等方法,在详细了解国内外体教结合建设高水平运动队基础上,结合南京工业大学和江苏省体育局联合探索＂省队校办、体教结合＂模式的成功实践,探讨高校举办高水平运动队可行性和有效性,为今后我国体教结合培养竞技体育人才提出合理化建议。     

经济增长的市场化效应与集群化效应比较——对广东和山东样本数据的分析

文章测算了广东和山东2000-2010年的市场化指数和产业集群度,并以萨缪尔森模型为基础,引入市场化和集群化程度变量,比较了两省经济增长的市场化效应和集群化效应。分析表明,进入21世纪以来,与市场化因素相比,广东产业集群度高于山东是广东经济增长快于山东的主要原因,集群化的经济增长贡献率远大于市场化的贡献率,而且集群化还有很大的拓展空间。在地区市场化差异程度越来越小的今天,地方政府应加快出台产业集群政策,引导产业从集聚向集群方向发展,促进经济持续稳定增长。     

高校青年教师教学水平提升策略研究——基于教师专业发展的视角

提升教师的教学水平是教师专业发展的内在要求。但当前我国高校青年教师的教学普遍存在教学志向不强烈、教学设计不充分、课堂掌控能力不足、教学研究投入少等问题。高校提升青年教师的教学水平必须更新思想观念,关注青年教师的专业发展,进一步加强师德建设,引导青年教师爱岗敬业,开展系统培训,扶持青年教师起步成长,丰富实践机会,强化青年教师的教学能力,推动与吸引并举,营造青年教师的重教氛围。     

Less assessment and more suggestions please: Factors contributing to effective supervision of counsellors at different experience levels

Abstract

Twenty-two supervisors and 60 supervisees working in community counselling services in Melbourne were asked to rate the importance of 46 supervisory behaviours to good supervision, as well as listing behaviours that contribute to and detract from good supervision. In general, supervisors saw good supervision as relating primarily to feedback to the supervisee, while supervisees were interested in learning new skills and gaining assistance with conceptualisation in supervision. The responses confirmed evidence of differing supervisee and supervisor perceptions of supervision seen in previous research of students' supervisory needs in America.

Differences in responses from supervisees in this sample to the American sample suggest some cultural differences and some differing needs attributable to different levels of experience. Responses in the current research support a developmental model of supervision; that supervisees have different needs as they gain experience. Applying a process model to behaviours believed to contribute to and detract from good supervision revealed that the bulk of responsibility for a good supervisory relationship is attributed to supervisors. Neither supervisors nor supervisees indicated a high level of supervisee qualities and skills that contribute to good supervision. This has obvious training implications.     

Cigarette Use Among Young Adults: Comparisons Between 2-Year College Students, 4-Year College Students,and Those Not in College

Abstract

Objective: To examine cigarette smoking among young adults based on education status. Participants: Community-based sample of 2,694 young adults in the United States Methods: The authors compared 3 groups—those not in college with no college degree, 2-year college students/graduates, 4-year college students/graduates—on various smoking measures: ever smoked, smoked in past month, smoked in past week, consider self a smoker, began smoking before age 15, smoked over 100 cigarettes in lifetime, ever tried to quit, and plan to quit in next year. Results: The authors found that for nearly all the smoking measures, the 4-year college group was at lowest risk, the noncollege group was at highest risk, and the 2-year college group represented a midpoint. Differences between groups remain after adjusting for parents’ education and other potential confounding factors. Conclusions: Smoking behaviors clearly differ between the 2-year, 4-year, and no college groups. Interventions should be tailored for each group.     

美国公立研究型大学教师绩效激励模式

以美国加州大学系统为例,分析了美国公立研究型大学教师绩效激励模式。分析认为,美国公立研究型大学独特的奖惩性绩效激励模式,即绩效评价内容上科研优先、兼顾教学的平衡性;评价主体上的多元性以关照公平性;评价结果使用上的奖惩性以达到激励性;并在薪酬制度上引入绩效工资以强化激励性,是成就其大学质量与效率的重要保障。这对中国研究型大学正在进行的绩效改革具有借鉴意义。     

学术期刊国际影响力的传播机理

通过分析中国学术期刊的国际影响力现状,分析了影响学术期刊传播的内、外部因素,并据此建立了学术期刊国际影响力传播模型,提出了可以用于提升中国学术期刊国际影响力的有效措施。研究认为,提高学术期刊国际影响力,应从提高期刊学术水平、编辑水平国际化、加快出版体制改革、优化传播渠道、采用国际化办刊模式等方面着手。     

基于“六普”数据的山东省长寿水平空间分布及影响因素研究

随着人口老龄化和高龄化进程的加快,高龄老人健康与长寿是目前研究热点之一.第六次人口普查数据显示山东省长寿水平和百岁老人具有空间集聚特征;建立多元线性回归模型,模拟结果表明自然环境因素中地理位置变量是能够解释非个体因素所能解释的全部长寿水平空间差异的主导因素,经济社会发展因素中仅收入水平变量对长寿水平的影响与理论预期一致,饮食结构对县(市)百岁长寿水平也具有一定影响;收入水平对长寿水平的影响程度存在显著的地域差异、性别差异和年龄差异,即县(市)高于市区,女性高于男性,80岁以上长寿水平远大于百岁老人长寿水平.     

Sex Differentials in Mortality in the Soviet Union: Regional Differences in Length of Working Life in Comparative Perspective

In this paper we take a different approach from other authors to the study of differences between the mortality of the two sexes in the USSR. First, we use measures of mortality that are not sensitive to the most common types of error in data and that reflect experience in an age range that is important from a policy perspective: the working ages. Secondly, we measure variation in mortality between regions of the USSR. Thirdly, we compare these regional mortality trends with experience in 33 developed countries. The sex differential in mortality in the USSR is an amalgam of very different regional patterns. Its size and rate of change are more extreme in the USSR than in other countries, and are mainly due to the poor and rapidly worsening mortality of men in the Russian Republic. But the widening sex differentials and increasing mortality of men in the older working ages in Soviet regions are similar to trends in many other developed countries.