学术研究忌浅尝辄止——与曾枣庄先生商榷兼论国学的研究方法

在目前国学的研究高潮中,有过深与过浅之弊,深者犹如"玄学"之"崇有、贵无"之辩,回避现实问题;浅者则不细读经书原典,在前人引申误读的基础上变本加厉,使经书原旨渐行渐远,误导读者。因此,必须重提朴学实事求是、言必有中的研究方法与原则,力求做到知人论世、融会贯通。更不能以今律古,以今人之腹臆度古圣先贤之心。     

马克思恩格斯“世界历史”理论内涵及方法论意义

马克思恩格斯创立了“世界历史”理论，其内涵包括：世界历史的形成是生产力发展的必然结果，全球经济联系与资产阶级的历史‘使命”，世界生产力为共产主义创造了物质前提，世界历史同时也是人的解放的历程；其方法论意义是：批判性与创造性相统一的方法，普遍性与特殊性相统一的方法，历史方法与价值目标相统一的方法。     

论米塞斯行动学的公理化准形式体系

奥地利经济学派与新自由主义经济学的重要代表人物米塞斯以其经济学认识论与方法论而著称。在米塞斯的行动学方法论中,人的自由行动构成最基本的概念范畴,个人的理性行为构成经济学的基本公理,并由此引申出整个经济学理论体系。通过对米塞斯经济行动逻辑的分析,借助于准形式的公理化方法,我们可以更深刻地理解其中的理性主义实质及其经验主义缺陷。     

Analysing the dimensions of social pedagogy from an international perspective

Over recent years, social pedagogy has emerged or undergone transformation processes in many countries, justifying the need to understand how it is being shaped and transformed throughout the world. However, conceptual ambiguity and lack of a homogenous and unified theoretical body accentuate the dilemma of whether social pedagogy is a specific area of knowledge, a professional field, a research field or all of these at once. We have moved into a stage where we do not have an immediate answer as to what social pedagogy is, what kind of knowledge it is or what its specific working methods are. This research aims to provide a comprehensive and rigorous analysis of social pedagogy from an international perspective. The methodology employed herein is the Delphi method, using three questionnaires in three different phases. Based on the individual contributions of a group of renowned experts from different countries, our aim is to build a global, current and integrated view of social pedagogy.     

Healthy organization: analysing its meaning based on the HERO Model / Organizaciones saludables: analizando su significado desde el Modelo HERO

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyse the meaning of healthy organization from an empirical-theoretical perspective based on the HERO Model (HEalthy & Resilient Organizations). Analyses were performed by four independent judges on 14 interviews carried out with 14 CEOs or human resources managers in 14 Spanish organizations using content analysis. Qualitative results show: (1) a partial overlap in the categories proposed by the theoretical model (based on the concordance index, Cohen’s Kappa and ICC); and (2) that the empirical definition mainly focuses on employees’ psychosocial health as a key element of the meaning of healthy organization. Finally, categorical matrixes provide evidence of subcategories emanating from the key elements that comprise a healthy organization. Results as well as theoretical and practical implications are discussed based on the HERO Model.     

略论历史唯物主义的方法论意义

当前形势下，由于人改造自然能力的提升，人与自然、人与人、人与社会的矛盾以各种方式凸显，如何解决这些矛盾关系到生态文明建设，关系到反腐倡廉建设能否取得实质性进展，关系到中国梦的实现。马克思的历史唯物主义不仅是一种理论，更主要的是一种变革世界的方法，是科学的世界观和方法论的统一，为我们提供了解决问题的理论指导。在当前中国全面建成小康社会、反腐倡廉全面升级的关键时期，研究历史唯物主义具有重要的方法论意义。     

中国美学史著写作:评估与讨论

三十多年来的中国美学史著写作,无论有关中国美学的断代史、通史、艺术门类史、范畴史还是佛教史等,均初获丰硕成果,在坚持马克思主义唯物史观、艺术哲学与文化哲学等治史理念与方法上,做出了有益的尝试。而近年来对中国美学及其历史研究的所谓"破产"、"走进死胡同"与"困境"等说法,多陷于偏颇。事实上,研究者预设诸如"审美意识"、"美学理论"、"美学范畴"或"文脉"之类作为个别美学史著的主要研究对象,并非其研究理念和方法陷入了"困境"与"偏至",而是学术研究的自由。关键在于方法与对象的相互适应、逻辑与历史的如何统一。从文化、哲学角度研究中国美学史,也不是糟糕的"文化决定论",批评者所谓"面向事实本身"实为一伪命题。其所言"文化"、"哲学",不是其相应美学史的"外在"与"异在",而是涵泳、高蹈与沉潜之美学理性的"本在"。所谓"美学是美学,哲学是哲学"之说欠妥。     

Methodological Challenges and Innovations in Mobilities Research

Abstract

This article introduces a collection of methodological reflections on mobilities research, and additionally discusses the general status of methodology in the scholarship. Fast advancements on empirical and conceptual levels of mobilities studies have not been equivalently matched by efforts on the methodological front. While microsociological and phenomenological approaches are predominant in the scholarship, large‐scale studies on mobility tend not to systematically analyse research frameworks used in the process of knowledge production. The articles featured in this special section examine some of the methodological challenges and innovations arising within several topical strains of mobilities studies. This introductory article argues that multi‐scalar and critical methodologies are necessary for further expanding the analytical and interventional possibilities of a mobilities research agenda.     

A structured methodology to implement judiciously the right JIT tactics

In order to enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of manufacturing operations, many companies arc looking at implementing key strategic technologies. Two of the most predominant programs are ‘just-in-time’ and ‘synchronous organizations’. However, their impacts on improving quality and reducing time-to-market have been mixed. It is not very clear why, in some cases, results are poor, when in a similar situation, programmes have proved to work well. There are conflicting reasons reported for such a discrepancy. Some have argued that during J IT implementation either a right mix of tactics was not selected at the outset or the process was not carefully monitored to see whether a mid-course correction or change in tactics was necessary. In order to (a) protect the manufacturing and strategic teams from making the same/similar mistakes and (b) sustain a series of successful activity throughout during the strategic implementation cycle, this paper outlines a structured methodology. The method utilizes a matrix-based procedure to dynamically (over time) measure the effectiveness of a line of JIT tactics against the organization's principles and objectives. The operating procedure suggests first (a) using a method for monitoring the changing conditions of market and business and then (b) using the metrics to guide the management with a new line of tactics that might have better impact on the newly aligned company goals. In an effort to help managers and engineers decide on a proper line of tactics to implement JIT, a line of JIT quality matrices (JQM) is developed. JQM provides a framework to guide group managers to ‘plan, pick and choose’ a set of effective JIT techniques. An approach similar to quality function deployment (QFD) is used to generate the JIT house and their corresponding JQM matrices. With the JQM-based structured methodology, managers can design the best line of JIT strategy blended with JIT theory and adapted to the manufacturing environments in which it is expected to operate.     

Alternative uses of temporary work and new forms of work organisation

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the use of temporary workers and the adoption of new forms of work organisation (NFWO) in production. This study aims to understand to what extent these two forms of human resources flexibility are synergic or mutually exclusive. In order to answer this main goal, we discuss different levels of temporary workers adoption in relation to different levels of use of NFWO, the level of integration of temporary workers within the overall production organisation and the joint and synergistic use of NFWO and temporary work. Evidence drawn from seven case studies in manufacturing plants in northern Italy is provided. Results highlight that, according to the characteristics of the production process, temporary workers and NFWO are not mutually exclusive, that temporary workers can be integrated with other workers in the shop floor, and that NFWO can also be adopted for temporary workers. In addition, NFWO has been proven to be a key enabler to integrate temporary workers within the organisation, thus showing an important synergistic effect between the two human resource flexibility practices.