小额信贷机构服务小微企业影响因素的实证研究——基于分位数回归法

作为一种有益的创新,小额信贷成为世界许多国家缓解小微企业、弱势人群融资难的一个工具.从理论和实践层面看,已有文献关于小额信贷机构服务小微企业受哪些因素影响的结论并不清晰.文章以2010-2012年我国98家小额信贷机构为样本,通过面板数据分位数回归法实证检验了小额信贷机构向小微企业提供贷款的影响因素,研究发现:机构属于NGOs类型、有更强的风险控制能力、更高的商业化水平和经营效率对其服务小微企业有显著的正向影响.值得注意的是,文章发现小额信贷机构追求财务绩效的同时并没有导致其偏离小微企业.文章的政策建议是,应进一步促进小额信贷机构的商业化发展,强化其风险控制能力,提升其经营效率.     

Kiva's Flat,Flat World: Ten Years of Microcredit in Cyberspace

While microcredit has been widely praised as a new, powerful tool for enabling development and empowering the poor, this form of ‘development from below’ does not exist in a vacuum. Rather, microcredit programs are inseperable from a host of neoliberal political, cultural, and economic practices and projects. These contexts are, however, systematically missing from Kiva.org, the largest and most popular peer-to-peer microlending portal. Instead, Kiva.org presents a placeless perspective on development and poverty, where borrowers’ skin color, native dress, and picturesque backgrounds seem to vary, but the ‘fix’ of microcredit remains universal. This ‘flat’ approach is problematic for two reasons. First, Kiva.org naturalizes the financialization of poor people's disadvantage in the coercive form of debt. Second, lenders are encouraged to channel their desire to help alleviate poverty through Kiva.org's lending portal based on an illusory sense of connection, transparency and beneficence in lending, thus potentially displacing other forms of less problematic development aid and intervention.     

屏南小额农户贷款模式的检视

小额农户贷款是促进农村发展、农民增收的一个重要金融工具。通过对福建省屏南县小额农户贷款模式的调查发现,屏南县通过创建信用建设促进会和＂三三一＂农村金融服务平台并以此为抓手对小额农贷的工作流程进行优化改良,从而取得了可喜的成效。小额农户贷款屏南模式的特色和经验主要有：构建小额农户贷款的原则;建立＂三农＂信息数据库;创建农村信用建设促进会,改善农村金融生态环境;强化政府部门的引导、组织和服务职能;扶持和鼓励担保中介组织的发展,开拓新的担保方式;充分发挥市场在农村金融资源配置过程中的基础作用;明确统一目标,保障服务＂三农＂的大方向,并为此提供综合服务。     

农村金融发展的路径选择：重庆例证

金融是现代经济的核心,是经济发展的推动力。成功的农村金融体系要求满足特定的运行条件。分析重庆农村金融运行现状,并对比国外成功经验表明,重庆农村金融发展可采取以下路径：丰富有效的金融需求,增加金融机构和金融产品的可选择性,设计针对农村和农民的信用评估系统,创新金融抵押和担保,营造良好的农村金融环境。     

From “Dead” Savings to Assets for Life Perspectives on the Retirement Social Insurance Pilot Project in Hutubi,China

This article presents documentation and analysis of an asset-building pilot project in rural western China. Six case studies were conducted with the aim to study how the program affects individual and household development. From these experiences, asset ownership is seen to lead to positive effects, including steps to acquire additional assets, improved financial skills, and a more positive and stable outlook.     

Asset Ownership and Microloan Repayment: Examining Data from Bangladesh

Employing data for 34,255 loans made by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) to 12,455 repeat borrowers during the 2002–6 period, this article examines the relationship between borrowers' asset holdings and microloan repayment. Estimating a series of binomial probit specifications, it finds a positive relationship between land ownership and loan repayment; however, taken collectively, ownership of non‐land assets diminishes the likelihood of repayment. Influences of specific assets on repayment probabilities vary across asset types: ownership of land, corrugated tin houses, vans and rickshaws increases the likelihood of repayment, while ownership of sewing machines, televisions, radios and bicycles corresponds with a decreased repayment probability.     

Assessing the Participation of Women in Microfinance Institutions: Evidence From a Multinational Study

ABSTRACT

Microfinance institutions (MFIs) typically offer small credit services with no collateral to low-income clients, particularly women microentrepreneurs. Evidence suggests that microcredit services are an effective tool for the social and financial empowerment of women and have a significant impact on maternal health, children's education, and sustainable economic growth. With multiple financial institutions offering various microfinance services, women's participation as borrowers has changed. We examine the variation in women borrowers’ participation rates in 105 developing countries by analyzing participation rates using selected determinants such as legal status, outreach, external control, and target clients. Results indicate a preference for unregulated MFIs, particularly nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), which suggests that in spite of the advent of formal financial institutions, women in developing countries are more likely to seek loans from grassroots MFIs. However, with more commercial banks offering microcredit and microsavings with a preference for borrowers with assets, women could be left behind. This raises important questions regarding the objectives of microfinance services and empowerment of women. Future studies should examine the impact of transformations of NGO MFIs on low-income women clients.     

少数民族贫困地区农户小额信贷扶贫绩效的实证研究 ——以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州为例

本文基于提升农信社小额信贷绩效,增加少数民族贫困地区农民收入的角度,选取武陵山区恩施土家族苗族自治州为例,运用定量分析方法对农户小额信用贷款及贷款投向的绩效进行了一元线性回归和多元逐步回归分析。结果显示,少数民族贫困地区农信社开展农户小额信贷对增加农民收入具有肯定的积极作用;同时非农业贷款投向相对农业贷款投向而言具有更好的绩效;农户小额信贷的农业生产投向中,各投向产生的绩效也不尽相同,其中以果树和药材为主的经济林是所调研地区小额信贷绩效较好的贷款投向。     

农村信用社农户小额贷款发展研究——基于哈尔滨市的视角

采用调查法、资料分析法对哈尔滨市农村信用社农户小额贷款发展现状进行分析;采用访谈法、资料分析法对哈尔滨市农村信用社农户小额贷款发展存在的问题展开了深入剖析;提出了哈尔滨市农村信用社农户小额贷款的发展对策。     

农村微型金融发展政策规制研究

农村微型金融发展对于推动农村经济社会发展,解决＂三农＂问题,促进我国统筹城乡建设,完善金融服务体系具有极为重要的意义。基于农村微型金融发展现状,其发展必须贯彻公益性、商业性和社会性平衡理念,不能偏离保障农民生存权、发展权的法理基础,准确定位制度设计的价值目标,完善相应的政策法律制度体系,提高从业人员的业务素质,建立健全自身的治理结构体系。