设计以何种方式呈现——广义设计观下的多维求解

人们往往只关注设计的结果,关心设计品的最终形态和功能,却对设计思考的过程和设计求解的途径漠不关心。事实上,形态和功能只是解决问题的手段,设计作为一种解决问题的工具,除了可以用“硬件”解决问题,还可以用“软件”解决问题。所以,只有从广义设计的视野,抬高看问题的视角,放大思考问题的格局,才能获得整体优化的解决策略。并且,也只有如此,才能避免片面地“头疼医头、脚疼医脚”,而是应立足于整体和本质,对现实问题谋求改善。     

少数民族大学生政治观形成的因素研究

为了有针对性地加强和改进少数民族大学生思想政治教育工作,探究少数民族大学生政治观成因,具有现实意义。影响少数民族大学生政治观形成的因素有:经济环境,政治环境,学校家庭环境,民族文化,个体因素等。     

上海全面深化改革的初步思路研究

上海城市发展的战略目标是到2020年基本建成国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心和社会主义现代化国际大都市。根据城市发展的战略目标及其内涵,上海全面深化改革的主要目标是建立与“四个中心”和社会主义现代化国际大都市相适应的管理体制与运营机制,形成符合上海城市全面转型发展要求的制度框架。上海全面深化改革应当围绕市场化、国际化和民生化的方向,将处理好政府与市场、社会的关系作为主线,把重点放在符合国家要求,上海又有一定操作空间,有可能取得重大突破和发挥对全国示范引领作用的领域,能体现出上海城市发展的要求和特点,同时也为全国改革总体设计提供借鉴和参考。     

Can TV shows promote acceptance of sexual and ethnic minorities? A literature review of television effects on diversity attitudes

Until recently, western TV programming rarely featured sexual or ethnic minority members; if present, their representation was mostly negative. Increasingly, though, diverse characters start to play likeable protagonists as well. Thus, television can promote negative diversity attitudes and, at other times, positive ones. The present article reviews and connects theories and research from sociology, psychology, and media and communication studies to clarify the role of television in diversity attitudes formation and to identify directions for future research. Specifically, two research questions are addressed. First, through which processes does television influence diversity attitudes? Second, what features of TV shows contribute to positive diversity attitudes formation among viewers, according to different theories of television effects? Findings indicate that television can entrench existing negative diversity attitudes through the echo chamber phenomenon. However, TV content featuring numerous, likeable, attractive, and typical minority characters that have friendly interactions with the rest of society can promote positive diversity attitudes. Future research should study openness to view content with minority characters, examine the effects of the complete video media diets, check media effects in non-western countries, explore media effects in longitudinal studies and investigate what constitutes attractive, likeable, and typical representation of ethnic and sexual minorities.     

Sexual Minorities’ Gender Norm Conformity and Sexual Satisfaction: The Mediating Effects of Sexual Communication,Internalized Stigma,and Sexual Narcissism

Objective: Sexual satisfaction has implications for well-being and may be related to gender norms. This study was conducted to understand the relationship between U.S. sexual minority (SM) individuals’ gender norm conformity and levels of sexual satisfaction, as well as examining the following potential mediators: sexual communication, internalized stigma, and sexual narcissism. Methods and Results: A path analysis (N?=?142) revealed that, for SM individuals, higher conformity to feminine norms was related to lower sexual satisfaction through higher internalized stigma. In addition, higher conformity to feminine norms for SM individuals was positively associated with sexual narcissism. Conclusion: Implications related to sexual satisfaction for SM individuals are discussed.     

“If You Don't Like Gay Marriage,Don't Get One!”: A Qualitative Analysis of Attitudes Toward Same-Sex Marriage in South Australia

ABSTRACT

Prejudice against sexual-minority groups has continuously declined in Australia over the past several decades, yet inequality in marriage policy that denies legal recognition of same-sex relationships remains. Social role theory suggests this may be due in part to traditional beliefs about gender roles that fuel concerns regarding the ability of same-sex couples to raise children because they violate these social norms and roles. The current study identified reasons behind support of, or opposition to, same-sex marriage. Data were collected from a community sample (n = 536) in South Australia through an open-ended question included on a larger survey. Content analysis suggested that gender role norms do play a part in negative attitudes toward same-sex marriage as well as perceptions of same-sex couples' ability to raise children. Our findings also revealed heteronormativity embedded in the responses of participants both for and against marriage equality. Implications for advocacy efforts focused on marriage equality, parenting by same-sex couples, and the focus for future research endeavours in this substantive domain are discussed.     

连通心灵之旅:1950年云南少数民族国庆参观团考论

中华人民共和国成立后的第一个国庆节,为了加强民族团结,把党的民族政策落到实处,中共中央组织了以少数民族代表人士为主的少数民族参观团,到北京参加国庆观礼,并到内地参观访问。新中国充满生机与活力的社会主义建设热潮,第一次获得当家作主权利的内地人民焕发出来的精神风貌,以及组织者沿途周到细致、亲如家人的安排、陪同,给少数民族参观团留下了深刻难忘的印象。这次观礼活动和参观访问,使少数民族参观团成员对中国共产党、中华人民共和国和中国共产党的民族政策的印象由抽象转为具体,深刻地影响了他们对中国共产党、中华人民共和国的认同感,为此后在民族地区开展社会主义改造和社会主义建设奠定了坚实的基础,由此也开启了具有中国特色的民族团结进步事业不断发展并巩固的历程。     

农村老年人健康服务可及性研究——基于海南省三个民族自治县的调查

城镇化进程中农村老年人的健康状况令人担忧。通过对海南省琼中、保亭和白沙3个黎苗族自治县的入户调查,深入了解被调查地区黎苗族老年人的健康状况和当地的卫生资源配置情况,从供给和需求两个视角分析发现,收入水平、健康服务费用、服务便捷性和主观意识等是影响农村老年人健康服务获得的主要因素。要解决这些问题首先要提高农民收入、增加农村基层卫生资源和改善服务水平,关键的是把精准扶贫政策与健康保障制度协同推进满足农村老年人健康服务的有效需求。此外,老年人的精神健康问题迫切得到重视,巩固家庭责任的同时,农村社区培育各类社会组织开展志愿服务,吸引和利用社会资源来提升老年人的幸福感。     

中国少数民族全面建成小康社会进展评估——基于人口普查数据的分析

利用人口普查数据,选取《全面建设小康社会统计监测指标体系》的几个代理指标,分析我国少数民族全面小康建设的进展状况发现:第一,2000年以来,少数民族全面小康建设取得显著进展,但与总人口比较,除平均预期寿命外,其余指标的实现程度离全面小康还比较远,特别是第三产业就业和城镇化,差距尤其大.第二,少数民族全面小康建设族际间显著不平衡.第三,从各地区少数民族全面小康实现程度看,经济发达地区少数民族主要以散居为主,全面小康实现程度高,而集聚于经济欠发达地区的少数民族,全面小康实现程度低.因此,未来5年全面建成小康社会,难点在少数民族和民族地区,重点也在少数民族和民族地区.加快经济发展和实现基本公共服务均等化供给,是少数民族和民族地区经济发展的两个主要方面,政府支持的重点在于加快少数民族和民族地区产业结构的转换与升级,着力于加强非农产业特别是第三产业的发展,进而推动城镇化和城乡一体化;着力于加快传统农牧业的改造,可持续提高农牧民收入水平;着力于美丽乡村建设,进一步提高生活质量;着力于乡村基础设施建设,实现乡域、县域经济一体化,夯实底部经济;着力于加强民族地区和少数民族的职业技术教育和大中专教育,进一步少数民族劳动力的技能水平;着力于加强少数民族和民族地区文化基础设施建设.     

The importance of Australian national identity to a sense of belonging of Anglo-Celtic and Chinese cultural groups in regional Australia

This study explored the primacy of importance of Australian national identity as underpinning belongingness of Anglo-Celtic and Chinese cultural groups. A mixed-method approach comprised focus groups and interviews was used. Australian national identity did not hold primacy of importance to a sense of belonging in either group, however family identities were of primary importance to both, together with cultural identity of the Chinese. Anglo-Celtic's felt culturally disassociated, whereas Chinese sought majority acceptance through cultural promotion, and bicultural identification. Findings call for further research of Australian national identity of the majority and other minority cultural groups.