珠江三角洲"自梳女"兴起背景探析

自梳,又称梳起,是指女子自行异辫而髻、宣布独身不嫁的仪式,经过这种仪式的不婚女性被称为“自梳女”。这种风俗于19世纪中叶以后兴起于珠江三角洲地区,与该地特定的社会、经济背景密切相关。终生“不落夫家”婚俗的存在,是自梳女产生的历史根源;珠三角特有的桑基鱼塘的农业生产模式、女性特殊的经济角色,是自梳女兴起的经济背景;19世纪珠三角地区剧烈的社会变革,西方价值观念的传入,是自梳女兴起的社会、文化背景。     

佛教戒律与唐代妇女家庭生活

信佛妇女在接受信仰的同时势必受到信仰的约束,这种约束也一定会对她们的家庭生活带来影响,而这种约束与随之产生的影响主要体现在她们的受戒遵戒上面。唐代在家信佛妇女受的主要是菩萨戒。唐代一些受了具足戒而出家的比丘尼与家庭的关系也值得注意,因为这种关系不仅意味着它也是一种家庭生活,而且还说明了出家妇女对家庭生活的依然参与。这些不仅和社会的环境、宗教本身等因素有关,而且也曲折地反映了妇女提高自身在家庭中形象地位的一种努力,即信佛妇女藉此在礼教的氛围中维护自身的尊严与人格。同时,还显示了中国佛教戒律的情理化。     

主流意识形态的伦理化表达——十七年（1949—1966）和“文革”（1966—1976）时期中国改编电影研究

本文从电影改编的角度考察十七年(1949-1966)和"文革"(1966-1976)时期中国电影如何对主流意识形态进行伦理化的表达:将政治上的敌人定义为伦理上的坏人(小人);用伦理的切肤之痛激起个体的"阶级仇恨";将革命的意义置换为伦理上的抚慰.同时指出,中国电影在伦理化表达上成功或失败的例子,对今后中国电影创作如何在思想主题的融注、艺术上的探索及观景愉悦的营造上实现完美的结合,有着重要的警示和启示意义.     

试论根本违约制度

根本违约是指当事人一方完全不履行合同义务或不完全履行合同主要义务或预期违约致使履行不能 ,其结果严重影响到另一方根据合同有权期待的经济利益的情形。根本违约责任或补救方法主要可采取赔偿损失、解除合同、宣告合同无效等三种。根本违约的免责理由主要是不可抗力。在根本违约问题上 ,我国《合同法》规定的不够具体、明确 ,要对之区别规定并进行立法上的完善     

斯皮瓦克和她的后殖民女权主义批评

斯皮瓦克的后殖民批评最突出特色是理论与方法上的异质性特征和鲜明的女性主义视角。她的后殖民女权主义批评的主要内容是揭露殖民主义和男性中心的权力话语对于第三世界女性的遮蔽和歪曲。她通过对西方白人女性的文学文本所作的后殖民的解读,为女权主义文学批评拓展了新的空间,也使后殖民理论得到了丰富和发展。     

Women's pensions in Sweden

This article analyses the effect of the Swedish pension rules on women's and men's pensions. This is done on the basis of an empirical analysis of a representative sample of the population. The study indicates that the rules are least advantageous for women in typical low-wage occupations. I also relate different people's pension benefits to what they have had to pay into the pension system in the course of their working lives. My calculations show that female low-wage earners probably have to pay more for their pensions than other groups.     

The Aftermath of Shelter: Abused Arab Women in Israel

Shelters for battered women play a major role in combating abuse against women. Extensive research has dealt with various aspects of shelters, including professional and ideological perceptions and the women’s experiences. However, scarce research exists on women’s coping following shelter-stay, especially research on the meaning of shelter-stay for women from collectivist societies. In the present study, we focused on how Arab women who had lived in a shelter coped after returning to the community to begin independent lives. In the Arab society in Israel, Arab women who live in shelters are perceived as violating a cultural norm. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 Arab women aged between 25 and 42, who had stayed in a shelter for Arab women for at least six months.

The major themes that emerged from the interviews revealed changes in perception of self and of social environment, including a self-transformation from weakness to strength, from perceiving themselves as devoid of rights to the development of an identity of entitlement. Through their release from weakening cultural systems, they were transformed from familial and societal victims to empowered beings, and moved from negative gender self-awareness to an empowered gender self-perception. These changes helped the interviewees to cope with stresses and to live independently. The findings are conceptualized in the discussion using relational-cultural theory.     

注意义务阻却事由之探究

信赖原则与允许危险原则在德国经由判例逐步占据稳固地位,后又传入日本,在西方被广泛适用。信赖原则强调在适当的场合,行为人与他人之间相互存在着可以寄托于对方对于履行必要的注意义务的信赖,过失责任在于未履行信赖所要求的注意义务的一方;允许危险原则注重在适当的场合,允许行为人实施一定限度以内的危险行为,对此行为人无过失责任。与注意义务的赋予不同,信赖原则与允许危险原则通过对于行为人注意义务的否定,进而否定(阻却)行为人的过失责任。在我国科技发展的今天,理论上系统地构建信赖原则、允许危险原则的基本观念,实践中有意识地注重信赖原则、允许危险原则的具体运用,符合刑法的时代要求。     

The implications of the Lima target: Explorations with a world industrialization model

The Second General Conference of the UNIDO held in Lima in 1975 declared that the share of developing countries in total world industrial production should reach 25% by the year 2000. The model presented in this article has been constructed in order to investigate whether this target is consistent with other more generally accepted goals of development and is feasible within the area of production and trade possibilities.The model is a dynamic, multisectoral, multiregional input-output model. It focuses on the impacts and mutual consistency of targets of growth, regional income distribution, industrialization, consumption levels, and trade. In the empirical application three periods, three regions, and nine sectors have been distinguished to produce intersectorally, interregionally, and intertemporally consistent accounts for the main variables. Since the study is concerned with the maximum possible growth of industrial output of the developing countries, a linear programming approach has been used.The report is organized as follows. After an introduction, the second section describes the mathematical model. The third section contains a detailed explanation of the data basis and of the assumptions made to stimulate the model. The numerical results of the model are discussed in the fourth section, and the main conclusions are given in the fifth.     

唐代郊庙歌辞语境下的祭礼分析

郊庙歌辞,系古代帝王祭祀天地、宗庙、明堂、社稷等大典时所用的歌辞,是一种集诗歌、音乐、舞蹈于一体的综合艺术形式。以祭祀活动作为创作出发点的郊庙歌辞,在内容上重在描述和表现人与天地、鬼神之交往、沟通,其敬天、亲人的内在精神与祭祀本身的内涵是相一致的。