作为动词的全球化:时态、语态和心态

中国文学的全球化,是“全球化”作为动词的一个过程,既然是一个过程,全球化就既是一个事实,同时也是一种想象,是作为动词的全球化的一种进行时态。在全球化语境下,中国现代文学的发生发展是在被动的情形下展开的,虽然这种被动并不意味着中国文学毫无作为。在全球化这个动词的时态、语态背后,还隐藏着中国文学研究者某种特殊的情感:民族情绪与传统文人心态。     

培养中学生良好的语文学习心态的若干思考

中学生对语文学习的目的性、功利性认识,对语文学习的课堂期待、学习方法的领会等,都成为他们语文学习心态的重要方面。语文学习的良好心态,主要包括语文学科感情浓厚、主体作用发挥充分、与现实环境接触广泛、学习成就感强烈、语文学习习惯良好等。     

问题意识与超越情怀

问题意识淡漠、运作性不强,是制约我国人文社会科学发展的突出问题。为突显问题意识,需要矫正体系本位意识、功利主宰导向和片面意识形态化。向问题意识转变,意味着在设问方式和应答方式两个方面都应有相应的转变。提倡问题意识,不能抱持急功近利的心态,而要张扬一种超越情怀,并在咨政与怡情、建构与解构、学者人格与多元追求之间保持必要的张力。     

意境的创构与人格生命的自觉--宗白华美学思想核心简论

宗白华从意境创构、层次结构两个方面对艺术意境作出独特分析,站在了美学的现代高度。他对中国艺术意境的追求与其个人的艺术美观念有着内在联系,主张"芙蓉出水"是意境创构的最高目标,是中国艺术的理想的美感类型。对艺术意境的追求,涵容着宗白华的人格精神追求。把美学视界主要落在中国美学,特别是中国艺术意境的研究上,是宗白华内心个体生命感受的现实展现,是他生命本真的自觉。     

晋语志延片方言的“噻”类语气词

晋语志延片方言“噻”类语气词可用于单、复句的诸多句类句法环境,其用法灵活,使用频率高。联系邻近方言和近代汉语的研究结论,其来源应该是近代汉语假设语气词“时”、“价”连用后合音并语法化所形成的形式,而且是语法化程度很高的一种形式。     

清:中古文化与诗学的一个重要概念

本文结合汉晋之际社会历史运动的背景,从士林风气由清议向清谈的转移、士人人格由清正向清通的转型、审美理想由清峻向清虚的转关三个方面探讨"清"这一文化与诗学概念的内涵、生成及演变。     

The benefits of a nap during prolonged work and wakefulness

Prolonged work scenarios with demands for sustained performance are increasingly common. Because sleep loss inevitably compromises functioning in such situations, napping has been proposed as a countermeasure. The optimal timing of the nap relative to its benefits for performance and mood is not known, however. To address this issue, 41 healthy adults were permitted a two-hour nap at one of five times during a 56-hour period of intermittent work, with no other sleep. Naps were placed 12 hours apart, near the circadian peak (P) or trough (T), and were preceded by 6(P), 18(T), 30(P), 42(T), or 54(P) hours of wakefulness. Work test bouts occurred every few hours and consisted of a variety of psychomotor and cognitive tasks as well as mood scales completed at the beginning, middle and end of each bout. A total of eight performance and 24 mood parameters were derived from the bouts and compared between groups at all test points prior to and following the naps. An estimate of the extent to which each nap condition differed from the control (P54) condition was derived by totalling the proportion of test points that yielded statistically significant results relative to the total number of tests conducted both before and after naps.

Although all performance and most mood parameters displayed a circadian-modulated deterioration as the protocol progressed, a nap appeared to attentuate the extent of this change in all performance parameters but not in mood parameters. Overall, the timing of the nap across days and within the circadian cycle was irrelevant to its effect on performance, suggesting that it diminished the intrusion of sleepiness into behavioural functioning, even though subjects were phenomenally unaware of this benefit.     

放翁“饭牛”意象诗管窥

陆游后期诗歌作品中屡屡出现“饭牛”意象。从语用层面考察,既有用“饭牛”字面义以表现诗人或其乡人山居生活的,亦有用“宁戚饭牛”之典以寄寓作者情怀的。此类诗歌是诗人特殊经历与特殊心态的折射,亦蕴含着特定的文化意蕴。     

意境与中国影视创作

作为凝聚着华夏民族审美理想的中心范畴的意境,在现代中国的各门艺术中依然有所传承。在电影艺术领域,营造意境同样是提升其艺术境界的重要手段。《小城之春》、《卧虎藏龙》和《花样年华》都是化用中国古典意境的佳作,而各自的风格又全然不同,体现了独特的民族文化特色。中国电影创作在吸收本民族的古典美学精华的同时,也应该注意融入时代精神。     

英语虚拟式的隐喻认知模式

虚拟式表现了现实与虚拟之间的一种“距离”,距离的产生必然会导致空间的转移和时间的推移,反映在虚拟式的语法结构中就是时态的变化。建构英语虚拟式的语法结构与人类经验结构的“像似性”,得出语法结构在一定程度上是符合人的认知规律并受其制约或支配的。