蒙古族大学生英语学习动机的现状调查

本研究旨在通过蒙古族大学生英语学习动机的调查,发现学生学习动机中存在的问题,进一步分析出现问题的原因和影响因素,为蒙古族大学生外语学习及外语教学工作提供相关理论和实证依据.本研究采用问卷调查和访谈的方法获得研究资料.通过数据和分析来了解蒙古族大学生英语学习动机的现状.     

消费者礼品购买决策:关系取向抑或动机驱动

该文在全面了解国外送礼行为研究的基础上,对中国消费者礼品购买决策风格进行实证分析。研究发现,与国外消费者的动机驱动的礼品购买决策模式不同,中国消费者的礼品购买决策风格是由关系类型决定的,关系对购买礼品决策产生不同导向,并调节动机对购买决策风格的影响。研究结果为理解中国消费者行为提供了独到的理论解释,并对中国礼品市场细分提供了新的视角和方法。     

“风骚”并称与南北文化之关系

“风骚”并称萌芽于西汉,定型于南朝。“风”指十五《国风》,代表《诗经》;“骚”指屈原的《离骚》,代表《楚辞》。“风骚”并称,代表了中国文学现实主义与浪漫主义创作特征的两个最早源头,影响后世深且远矣。在“风骚”精神的沾溉下,在地理环境的孕育下,南北文化中的文学、绘画、书法、舞蹈等文艺形式之风貌迥异;北方文化粗犷刚健、率真务实,呈质实之美;南方文化细腻柔婉、含蕴尚虚,显空灵之丽。南北文化之交融,自然产生新活力、新气象,从而推动文学之发展。     

新生代农民工创业动机的实证研究

在中国工业化快速发展的进程中,农民工群体内部出现了代际更替,新生代农民工日渐发展壮大,成为城市建设的主力军。由于身份不被城市接纳和对乡村的不认同感,越来越多的新生代农民工选择自主创业来改变自己的生存状态。运用深度访谈、问卷调查和实证研究方法,探索新生代农民工创业动机的结构维度,结果表明新生代农民工具有强烈的创业动机,经济性动机、社会性动机和成就性动机往往交织在一起,并随打工经历、经验积累和能力提升呈现出明显的动态性和方向性。据此提出激发新生代农民工创业动机、创造有利于新生代农民工创业环境的政策建议。     

Small-dollar children's savings accounts and children's college outcomes

This is paper one of four in the small-dollar children's savings account series, which, studies the relationship between children's small-dollar savings accounts and college enrollment and graduation. This series of papers uses different subsamples to examine three important research questions: (a) are children with savings of their own more likely to attend or graduate from college? (b) does dose (i.e., having no account, only basic savings, savings designated for school [of less than $1, $1 to $499, or $500 or more]) matter? and (c) is having savings designated for school more predictive than having basic savings alone? Paper one of this series uses aggregate data from the newest wave of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and its supplements. Propensity score weighted findings suggest that children who have a small amount of money (e.g., less than $1 or $1 to $499) designated for school are 3 times and 2.5 times more likely, respectively, to enroll in and graduate from college, respectively, than children with no account. Findings also show that having savings designated for school might have a stronger effect on relationship with children's college outcomes than having basic savings that can be used for any purpose. The paper concludes by explaining how policies that create national children's savings programs might help cue a psychological process in which children form an identities as college-savers.     

The role of identity-based motivation and solution-focus brief therapy in unifying accounts and financial education in school-related CDA programs

This article focuses on unifying, seemingly at times, disparate aspects of school-related Child Development Account (CDA) programs in order to maximize their effects. Account ownership and financial education are the two key components of school-related CDA programs. Despite this most of the focus by asset theorists and researchers has been on the account ownership side of CDAs. To unify these two components we use identity-based motivation (IBM) theory. Further, we suggest that early experience with money failures and lack of positive role models results in many lower income and minority children entering CDA programs with low financial efficacy. Because of low financial efficacy, we suggest that in order for financial education programs to be successful among lower income and minority children they need to be designed to address this reality. We posit that a way to address the reality of lower income and minority students is to adopt solution-focus brief therapy (SFBT) techniques. These techniques can be used to teach financial education instructors how to build positive financial efficacy beliefs among lower income and minority children.     

Elder Sexual Abuse:

Twenty-eight cases of suspected elder abuse were identified and described by elder protective service workers. All the victims were female, and 71% experienced significant limitations in capacity for independent functioning and self-protection. Indicators of sexual abuse included victim self-report and third party observation of assault, physical injury, and psychosocial symptoms. All but one of the suspected offenders were male. Eighty-one percent were caregivers for the women they allegedly assaulted, and 78% were family members, predominantly sons and husbands. Repeated vaginal rape was the most prevalent type of reported assault. Findings of the study are presented, and issues relative to the sexual victimization of elders are discussed.     

Family Structure,Parental Involvement,and Academic Motivation in Latino Adolescents

Self-report data from 594 Latino adolescents about parental involvement (general support, monitoring, academic support, and educational aspirations) and academic motivation were examined across three family structures (intact, stepfather, single-mother/nonresident involved father). Significant differences were found in fathers' but not mothers' involvement depending on the family structure. Dominance analyses showed that the form of mothers' involvement that explained the most unique variance in academic motivation follows: monitoring for youth in intact and single-mother/nonresident involved father families and academic support for youth in stepfather families. The form of fathers' involvement that explained the greatest unique variance in academic motivation follows: monitoring for youth in intact families, academic support for youth in stepfather families, and academic aspirations for youth in single-mother/nonresidential involved father families.     

A new approach to motivation: Four-drive model

ABSTRACT

This article presents a new approach to the field of motivation. To start, it reviews the previously available literature in the field and analyzes some of the more popular theories and finds the gaps. A new model is put forward, which aims to cover the relevant parameters—as well as to plug the identified gaps. The model proposes four types of drives—sensual, material, emotional, and spiritual. A quantitative study was done to validate the proposed theory and to have a better understanding in identifying the socioeconomic parameters that are significant in predicting which drive is likely to dominate in a person. Using the proposed theory and the results from the quantitative analysis, a model for motivation is proposed. This research is part of an ongoing research effort to test, validate, and generalize the proposed model.     

The Experience of Gambling and its Role in Problem Gambling

This paper reports on the results of a psychological study conducted in Ontario, Canada, that attempted to answer the question of why some people develop gambling problems while others do not. A group of social gamblers (n = 38), sub-clinical problem gamblers (n = 33) and pathological gamblers (n = 34) completed a battery of questionnaires. Compared to non-problem gamblers, pathological gamblers were more likely to report experiencing big wins early in their gambling career, stressful life events, impulsivity, depression, using escape to cope with stress and a poorer understanding of random events. We grouped these variables into three risk factors: cognitive/experiential, emotional and impulsive and tested the extent to which each risk factor could differentiate non-problem and pathological gamblers. Each risk factor correctly identified about three-quarters of the pathological gamblers. More than half (53%) of the pathological gamblers had elevated scores on all three risk factors. Interestingly, 60% of the sub-clinical cases had elevated scores on only one risk factor. The results are interpreted in terms of a bio-psycho-social model of gambling addiction.