代理人间具有竞争关系的薪酬激励机制设计

销售系统中存在着典型的信息不对称情况:委托人(公司)对代理人(销售人员)的努力程度具有不对称信息,委托人不能观测到代理人努力程度,因而常根据销售业绩来制定薪酬激励机制.本文研究销售系统中具有多个代理人且代理人之间存在竞争关系的委托代理问题.在假设市场最终需求对努力水平敏感,且某代理人努力水平提高时,他可以在开拓市场的同时,吸引对方顾客的条件下,建立了具有多代理人且代理人间存在竞争的委托代理模型.得到当努力成本、风险规避度、产出不确定性越大,代理人的风险分担越小,利润提成越低,越倾向于取得固定工资;竞争程度越高,代理人的努力程度也随之提高;利用代理人之间的竞争可以使委托人获利等结论.     

对方案有偏好的不确定语言多属性决策方法

研究了属性权重完全未知、属性值和对方案的偏好值以不确定语言变量形式给出的不确定语言多属性决策问题。首先,引入不确定语言变量的运算法则,以及不确定语言变量之间比较的可能度公式,给出了不确定语言变量间的距离的概念。针对属性权重完全未知的情形,给出了求解权重的公式。然后,利用不确定语言加权平均算子,对不确定语言决策信息进行加权集成,并利用可能度公式构造可能度矩阵(互补判断矩阵),继而利用互补判断矩阵排序公式对决策方案进行排序和择优。最后进行了实例分析。     

英语试卷的编排

要让学生考出真实水平 ,有很多因素可以促成这一目标的达到 ,其中一个因素为试卷的编排。试卷的编排涉及到试卷的总体编排和试卷题目各部分的编排。编排顺序或方式不当皆可导致分数的无效差异 ,所以应引起注意。     

Risk of Extreme Events in Multiobjective Decision Trees Part 1. Severe Events

Earlier work with decision trees identified nonseparability as an obstacle to minimizing the conditional expected value, a measure of the risk of extreme events, by the well-known method of averaging out and folding back. This first of two companion papers addresses the conditional expected value that is defined as the expected outcome assuming the exceedance of a threshold β, where β is preselected by the decision maker. An approach is proposed to overcome the need to evaluate all policies in order to identify the optimal policy. The approach is based on the insight that the conditional expected value is separable into two constituent elements of risk and can thus be optimized along with other objectives, including the unconditional expected value of the outcome, by using a multiobjective decision tree. An example of sequential decision making for improving highway capacity is given.     

Testing for lack of fit in linear multiresponse models based on exact or near replicates

Three procedures for testing the adequacy of a proposed linear multiresponse regression model against unspecified general alternatives are considered. The model has an error structure with a matrix normal distribution which allows the vector of responses for a particular run to have an unknown covariance matrix while the responses for different runs are uncorrelated. Furthermore, each response variable may be modeled by a separate design matrix. Multivariate statistics corresponding to the classical univariate lack of fit and pure error sums of squares are defined and used to determine the multivariate lack of fit tests. A simulation study was performed to compare the power functions of the test procedures in the case of replication. Generalizations of the tests for the case in which there are no independent replicates on all responses are also presented.     

略论新课改实用外语教学法的特征

实现外语教学课程改革,需要从课堂教学入手,分析外语教学中出现的实际问题并考量应对方案。为此,结合实例初步归纳出新课改实用外语教学法的基本特征,即:课堂内容生动化,教学方法多样化,互动合作的课堂表现形式。     

数字图像多重水印及容量分析

利用CDMA系统多址复用的特点,提出了一种基于CDMA的多重水印算法,在小波变换域中同时嵌入多个水印。对多个原始水印进行卷积编码和交织编码后,采用Gold码组进行正交扩频,经CDMA编码的水印信息被叠加嵌入在除HH1以外的其他小波子带中。水印嵌入的幅值根据Watson小波域视觉感知模型确定。嵌入位置取决于一个PN序列随机发生器,检测时不需要原始图像。在此基础上对多重水印容量进行了分析,结果表明当嵌入两个水印时,其容量大于任何一个单一水印的容量,但小于两个单一水印容量之和。     

LDPC编码自适应加载MIMO-OFDM系统性能分析

介绍了LDPC校验阵的构造及编译码算法,采用了随机法构造LDPC校验阵,编码基于高斯消去直接进行译码采用无穷阶量化时的置信传播算法;讨论了OFDM自适应加载技术与多输入多输出技术,结合自适应比特功率分配算法与基于多载波调制的比特分配方案实现了该加载分配技术;给出了LDPC编码的自适应加载MIMO-OFDM系统的模型。经仿真分析得出,二元域上非规则LDPC编码的系统性能优于多元域上的,自适应加载MIMO-OFDM技术大大提高了系统传输速率,有效增强了系统抗衰落性。     

The Making of Multiple Personality Disorder: A Social Constructionist View

This article explores the social construction of multiple personality disorder by analyzing professional agreements about the nature of the diagnosis, while locating these within their historical and cultural context. First, a historical review of the disorder traces various overlapping streams of discourse that have shaped the construction of the diagnosis. This is followed by a cross-cultural comparison of MPD and dissociative phenomena in several non-Western societies. The article concludes with some reflections on the cultural meanings of MPD in contemporary America.     

级别不低于方法及其发展评述

级别不低于方法是一类解决多属性决策问题的重要方法.相对于其他方法力图建立可行方案集上的完全序.级别不低于方法所构建的是一种较弱的二元关系--级别不低于关系,它所要求的条件较弱,而得到的结果更为可靠.是近年来研究最为活跃、应用十分广泛的方法之一.本文将级别不低于方法划分为ELECTRE、PROMETHEE和PCCA等三大类分别进行了归纳和总结;介绍了近年来级别不低于方法的新发展,对级别不低于方法的公理化.不确定信息下的级别不低于方法以及多属性决策的敏感性分析和鲁棒性分析等问题给出了一些有意义的讨论.特别是对鲁棒性的定义和分析方法提出了一务切实可行的思路.