拓展句子--日语写作的基础

日语写作是日语学习者比较艰难的训练过程。"拓展句子"不啻是词汇的简单迭加,还是在语法、修辞训练过程中对写作技巧和规律的把握。这要求通过把握拓展的界定、训练及在教学中应注意的问题,实现"为迁移而教"的目的,推动学生习惯于日语思维和日语文章的创作,进而完善日语写作的学科建设。,To Japanese learners, Japanese writing is a difficult training process. "Expanding Sentence" is not only a simple puttin g words together, but also the grasp of writing skills and rules through the tra ining of grammar and rhetoric. The expanding needs to be defined and trained and the problems which should be paid attention to in the teaching needs to be gras p ed. By the above, we can achieve the aim of "teaching for transfer", promote s t udents' thinking and writing in Japanese and perfect the subjects building of Ja panese writing.     

Confidence curves and improved exact confidence intervals for discrete distributions

The author describes a method for improving standard “exact” confidence intervals in discrete distributions with respect to size while retaining correct level. The binomial, negative binomial, hypergeometric, and Poisson distributions are considered explicitly. Contrary to other existing methods, the author's solution possesses a natural nesting condition: if α < α', the 1 ‐ α' confidence interval is included in the 1 ‐ α interval. Nonparametric confidence intervals for a quantile are also considered.     

Extension of the Application of Conway‐Maxwell‐Poisson Models: Analyzing Traffic Crash Data Exhibiting Underdispersion

The objective of this article is to evaluate the performance of the COM‐Poisson GLM for analyzing crash data exhibiting underdispersion (when conditional on the mean). The COM‐Poisson distribution, originally developed in 1962, has recently been reintroduced by statisticians for analyzing count data subjected to either over‐ or underdispersion. Over the last year, the COM‐Poisson GLM has been evaluated in the context of crash data analysis and it has been shown that the model performs as well as the Poisson‐gamma model for crash data exhibiting overdispersion. To accomplish the objective of this study, several COM‐Poisson models were estimated using crash data collected at 162 railway‐highway crossings in South Korea between 1998 and 2002. This data set has been shown to exhibit underdispersion when models linking crash data to various explanatory variables are estimated. The modeling results were compared to those produced from the Poisson and gamma probability models documented in a previous published study. The results of this research show that the COM‐Poisson GLM can handle crash data when the modeling output shows signs of underdispersion. Finally, they also show that the model proposed in this study provides better statistical performance than the gamma probability and the traditional Poisson models, at least for this data set.     

从声律句式论古代词体特征*

词的同韵及平仄要求比格律诗更复杂多变，甚至也更严格，这些方面都体现了词与音乐的关系。在一般情况下，词的平仄、声韵与情感内容的表达密切相关；而词被称为“长短句”，其句式长短不一，参差多变，也与情感内容的表达密切相关，并体现出词体本身固有的风格特征。这些方面的特点都应该得到重视。     

篇章语序的顺应性研究——以《红楼梦》为分析对象

Verschueren的语言顺应理论以一个新的视角,即动态语境,来分析研究篇章语序。篇章交际过程就是语境因素与语言选择相顺应的过程,语言的顺应性是篇章交际的一种实现策略,语言使用者选定特定的语序是为了能够接近或实现自己的交际目的。鲁迅先生曾经说过,《红楼梦》的有些地方是"能使读者由说话看出人来的",故本文试图以Verschueren的顺应理论来探讨《红楼梦》中人物在语言的使用过程中如何组织语序来达到自己的交际目的。     

“死活＋VP”格式及相关问题

现代汉语中的“死活＋VP”格式在语义表达方面,表达背离性的“结果义”和一致性的“行为义”;在语用功能方面,该格式普遍具有凸显“VP”的功能,同时表“行为义”的“死活＋VP”格式还具有特殊的“反驳”功能;在句式联系方面,表“结果义”的“死活＋VP”格式不能形成取舍句,而表“行为义”的“死活＋VP”格式一般能形成取舍句。     

副词“接连”和“接连”句

文章主要研究副词“接连”的语义和句法功能，兼与“连连”、“一连”、“连续”、“陆续”作一比较。“动作或性质的相接或紧接性”是“接连”区别于“连连”、“一连”、“连续”、“陆续”的重要的语义特征。对“量”的强调，从极强的主观性到相对的客观性，形成了一个“连连〉一连〉接连〉连续〉陆续”的连续统，“接连”处于这个连续统的中间地带。     

Feel threatened being prejudiced: the role of past experience and proximal threat in shaping adolescents’ Romaphobia

This study investigates Serbian adolescents’ attitudes towards the Roma, i.e. Romaphobia. The sample consisted of 687 secondary school students (mean age 17), of which 53% were females. In a survey-based study, we assessed perception of physical threat, quality of previous contact with Roma, and Romaphobia. The findings demonstrate that perceived physical threat entices and supports the emergence of Romaphobia. Moreover, the relationship between past experience with Roma and Romaphobia was fully mediated by perceived proximal threat. The theoretical and educational implications are discussed.     

说“建之以常无有”

<庄子·天下>篇讲"关尹、老聃"之学时,有"建之以常无有"一语,"常无有"之义自来不得确解.本文认为"常无有"本当作"恒无有",并根据楚简中"互"字每可用如"亟"字的现象,推测在<天下>篇较原始的本子中此三字本作"互无有","亙"本应读为"极",但被后人误读为"恒"(已有学者指出,<庄子·天地>篇中就有"未始有极"被误读为"未始有恒"之例).上博简<互先>篇的"亙"字亦应读为"极".此篇首句为"亙(极)先无有","极先"与"太始"、"太初"同意,在篇中还被简称为"极".<天下>篇的"极无有"即是<亙先>篇的"极先无有",与<庄子·天地>所说的"泰(太)初有无,无有无名"同意.     

罪后情节的定罪功能探究——以2009年国家司法考试一道试题为例展开

以2009年国家司法考试一道刑法试题为例,介绍了情节和量刑情节的概念及其分类,并对罪后情节的功能进行了分析。认为作为一种量刑情节,罪后情节原则上只具有影响量刑的功能,但我国刑法典和司法解释却在8处规定了能影响犯罪成立与否的罪后情节,赋予了罪后情节以定罪的功能。这些规定有其刑事政策上的考量,同时符合刑法谦抑性的要求,具有合理性。以此为理论基础,对受贿罪的司法解释进行了研究。