脉冲光源光函数的测试方法研究

本文主要探讨了脉冲光源光函数的测试方法,着重介绍了利用频谱分析仪,采用比对法测试闪光型救生衣灯光函数的过程．     

Efficient Estimation of a Distribution Function under Quadrant Dependence

LetX₁,X₂, ..., be real-valued random variables forming a strictly stationary sequence, and satisfying the basic requirement of being either pairwise positively quadrant dependent or pairwise negatively quadrant dependent. LetF^ be the marginal distribution function of theX_ips, which is estimated by the empirical distribution functionF_n and also by a smooth kernel-type estimateF_n, by means of the segmentX₁, ...,X_n. These estimates are compared on the basis of their mean squared errors (MSE). The main results of this paper are the following. Under certain regularity conditions, the optimal bandwidth (in the MSE sense) is determined, and is found to be the same as that in the independent identically distributed case. It is also shown thatn MSE(F_n(t)) andnMSE (F^_n(t)) tend to the same constant, asn→∞ so that one can not discriminate be tween the two estimates on the basis of the MSE. Next, ifi(n) = min {k∈{1, 2, ...}; MSE (F_k(t)) ≤ MSE (F_n(t))}, then it is proved thati(n)/n tends to 1, asn→∞. Thus, once again, one can not choose one estimate over the other in terms of their asymptotic relative efficiency. If, however, the squared bias ofF^_n(t) tends to 0 sufficiently fast, or equivalently, the bandwidthh_n satisfies the requirement thatnh³_n→ 0, asn→∞, it is shown that, for a suitable choice of the kernel, (i(n) ?n)/(nh_n) tends to a positive number, asn→∞ It follows that the deficiency ofF_n(t) with respect toF^_n(t),i(n) ?n, is substantial, and, actually, tends to ∞, asn→∞. In terms of deficiency, the smooth estimateF^_n(t) is preferable to the empirical distribution functionF_n(t)     

Task partitioning in new product development teams: A knowledge and learning perspective

R&D alliances and outsourcing elements of the new product development process are now commonplace practices among many firms. However, little previous work has examined how these organizational choices influence project knowledge and learning. Based on a comparison of three new product development projects in the software industry, this paper examines how task partitioning in the project influences learning and knowledge development within the firm. The paper suggests that internal development projects encourage synthetic learning and development of architectural and tacit knowledge; in contrast, outsourcing and joint ventures encourage analytic learning and development of component and explicit knowledge.     

Industry and the environment: a case study of cleaner technologies in selected European countries

The aim of this case study is to discuss the role of technology in addressing environmental problems. The paper tries to scratch beneath the surface of the increasingly frequent ‘quick-fix’ solutions to the present environmental problems, based on such beguiling catchwords as Cleaner Technologies, Best Available Technologies, and Best Available Technologies Not Exceeding Excessive Costs, etc., in an attempt to discover whether there is any substance in them, or whether they are just full of hot air. Recent data from case studies performed by the author in Germany and Finland as well as a postal questionnaire in Denmark are presented. The paper analyses and discusses the roles and responsibilities of designers, industrialists, and government policy-makers. It is argued that existing regulatory regimes, supranational industrial structures, and market mechanisms do not favour the development of cleaner technologies, nor do they promote a reduction in consumption patterns. Evidence from ongoing empirical research in Northwest Europe suggests that industry is far from developing and/or implementing cleaner technologies. The paper closes with a discussion of some of the policy implications involved and some examples of urgently needed further research.     

TOT项目融资中国有资产转让定价的博弈分析

本文以TOT项目融资方式为对象,运用博弈的方法,从合理分配国有资产经营期内增值收入的角度出发,得出这样的结论,在国有资产转让过程中,政府与私营资本之间的谈判是一系列复杂的博弈过程,在博弈中政府的最优行为是对国有资产转让进行招标,同时给予某一招标企业一定的中标优先权,这样政府能够较现行的国有资产转让方式获得更多的收益.     

两阶段供应链中三种定价方式研究

本文考虑渠道一体化对品牌建设的作用,在一个制造商和两个零售商的两阶段供应链系统中,其中确定性的市场需求与产品的市场零售价格有关,通过分析以下三种定价方式下的最优定价和库存策略下供应链成员和系统的收益,1)商品市场零售价格由零售商各自决定,两零售商和制造商之间存在着竞争活动;2)商品市场零售价格由制造商统一制定;3)市场零售价格、转让价格和系统库存水平按渠道协调的最优原则确定,确定了同一产品品牌内部的市场竞争、定价控制权及转让价格对渠道性能及品牌自身造成的影响,并由此提出了分散决策系统中的一种激励机制.     

试论西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换

西方人类学对于"仪式"的研究,从早期的"神话—仪式"学派,到后来的功能主义学派、结构主义学派,再到象征主义学派,将仪式研究从原来视野相对狭窄的宗教神话领域逐步扩展到更为宏阔的社会生活领域。在此过程中,西方人类学仪式研究形成了一套较为完整的人类学仪式研究的知识谱系,完成了西方人类学仪式研究范式的现代性转换。     

多语际语言语音习得中的质性案例研究

语言迁移现象既发生在母语与第一外语学习过程中,也同样发生在学习第二外语的过程中,并且因此而变得复杂有趣。多种语言本身的独特性和差异性,使多语际语言基础对第一、第二外语语音学习过程产生了相互影响和作用。本研究以西班牙大学生和中国西班牙语专业大学生为研究对象,通过对比研究中文普通话、英语和西班牙语在语音方面的特点,探索母语、第一外语、第二外语之间的相互关系,及其对语音学习所产生的作用和影响,为多语际语音习得与外语教学提供有价值的借鉴和经验。     

情境支撑活动与“第二人生”中的学习迁移

情境迁移理论强调学习情境性对成功迁移具有不可或缺的重要意义。支撑-活动观是情境理论的代表性迁移观点,强调成功的迁移离不开能够提供有效支撑的真实情境。Second Life是建立在Web2.0平台上的三维虚拟社区,该社区为实训学习提供了良好的情境。以支撑-活动情境理论为指导,探讨Second Life(SL)如何促进实训学习的迁移。     

就近就地城镇化问题研究

农村剩余劳动力的转移模式存在异地转移和就地转移两种。农村人口空心化、"大城市病"以及二元户籍制度下农民工的城市融入难题是我国城镇化进程中面临的突出问题。就近就地城镇化以人文本,以经济发展为前提,以有效就业为基础,以城乡基础设施一体化和公共服务均等化为目标,达到人、产、城三者的融合,实现社会经济的可持续发展。