NHFPC Conducted National Follow- up Survey of Development of Families Practising Family Planning in China

正To comprehensively and systematically understand basic conditions of Chinesed families,especially those practicing family planning,build a national family information database and provide scientifi c basis for formulation of family development policies,National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)have conducted National Follow-up Survey of Development of Families Practising Family Planning in China.     

Do work commutes moderate the association between perceived neighborhood disorder and psychological distress?

ABSTRACT

Although numerous studies show that living in a neighborhood that is characterized by disorder (crime and dilapidation) can be psychologically distressing, very few studies have considered the element of exposure time or duration of exposure to adverse neighborhood environments. In this paper, we explore the intersection of commuting, mental health, and the subjective experience of neighborhood disadvantage and impoverished community life. Using data from the Welfare, Children, and Families project (2001), a probability sample of 1057 low-income women with children living in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio, we test whether the association between neighborhood disorder and psychological distress is moderated or attenuated by commuting time and distance. Our results show that although neighborhood disorder is associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and somatization, disorder tends to be less distressing for residents who are able to spend time away from these environments through longer commuting times and distances. In other words, working away from one’s neighborhood of residence may help to mitigate the adverse psychological consequences of neighborhood disorder. Our findings support previous research on the stress process and neighborhood disorder. Our work builds on the commuting literature by re-conceptualizing commuting time and distance as protective resources for disadvantaged populations.     

亲邻党建引领社区治理的路径探究

亲邻党建是在党建引领下,通过社区与邻居单位党组织共建,促进资源整合,壮大社会组织数量,参与社区治理的创新模式。当前如何破解亲邻党建在基层社会治理中存在的党建引领作用发挥不明显、社区治理服务水平不高、专业人才队伍缺乏、社区公共服务能力不足和公众参与社区治理途径单一等问题显得至关重要。因此,必须聚焦社区治理的问题,分析亲邻党建引领社区治理的意义以及探索亲邻党建在社区治理中的新路径,完善社区治理体系,推动社区治理现代化。     

对美欧学者关于邻里效应研究的述评

文章回顾、评论了美欧学者对于邻里效应作用机制和研究方法的归纳、邻里效应研究方法面临的挑战以及具体的经验研究和实践。文章指出，邻里效应有助于减少社会差别、促进社会平等，这在理论和实践上都能得到说明。如果要采取某种混合居住的政策以帮助社会下层并降低住房不平等以及总的社会不平等程度，那么现行住房政策将不得不做出改进。具体说来，可以考虑采取渐进式的改革：配合户籍制度改革，逐步把少数常年在城市打工、表现良好的农民工纳入经济适用房和廉租房等制度的照顾范围以内。同时本文希望抛砖引玉，激发社会学界乃至于社会科学界住房和城市问题研究者更多关注于邻里效应和社会不平等研究。     

Finding Place in Community Change Initiatives: Using GIS to Uncover Resident Perceptions of their Neighborhoods

The growing recognition that place matters has led to numerous foundation- and government-sponsored initiatives that attempt to simultaneously strengthen neighborhoods and address the needs of families that live there. Despite the centrality of the concept of neighborhood, these place-based initiatives have few tools to understand how residents identify with the space within their target areas. This article demonstrates how resident-drawn maps gathered in a household survey can be used to uncover individual and collective neighborhood definitions. Using data gathered as part of the Annie E. Casey Foundation's Making Connections program in 10 cities, the study finds that there is considerable variation among residents in how they define their neighborhoods, but that there are also commonly held neighborhood identities that need to be taken into account in community practice.     

Nonprofit Management Principles and Practice,by M. J. Worth

A qualitative case study of two urban neighborhood-planning processes contributes to knowledge regarding citizen participation in the context of public housing redevelopment. The data were collected and triangulated from multiple sources including participant observation, field notes, artifacts, and 24 hours of semistructured interview data (n = 26). Data provided context for understanding engaged residents’ and professionals’ experience of participation in a Resident Advisory Council (RAC) and influence during neighborhood redevelopment planning. Study participants reported the benefits of inclusion in the RAC community planning process including: (a) being engaged by attending meetings and dialoging, (b) maintaining and building relationships, and (c) maintaining organizing pressure and fighting back.     

Building Skills for Civic Engagement: Children as Agents of Neighborhood Change

ABSTRACT

This study examines civic engagement and social development in children (N = 73) from public housing neighborhoods. Much of the research on civic engagement and social development focuses on youths and college students and the influence of participation in community service. This study addresses younger children in the process of social development and acquiring the seeds for civic engagement. Participants (X age = 9.25 years) learned to observe, photograph, and assess neighborhood strengths and challenges. They engaged in democratic processes to compile findings and present them to community members. Results indicate statistically significant changes in civic engagement and social development. Qualitative findings expand on these quantitative results. Implications for community practice and research are discussed.     

Neighborhood Outcomes of Formally Homeless Veterans Participating in the HUD-VASH Program

Research regarding how neighborhoods affect the people who live in them has grown in recent years. However, the neighborhood outcomes of formally homeless veterans have not received the attention this group warrants. This article examines the neighborhood outcomes of two groups of housing voucher holders. Using administrative data, this exploratory study finds that U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing (HUD-VASH) voucher holders receiving comprehensive case management reside in higher quality neighborhoods than those who do not receive these services. Additionally, this effect seems to be a more critical factor for African Americans than Whites. Use of case managers with housing vouchers may improve African American residential outcomes in terms of neighborhood quality.     

Upper Middle Class NIMBY in Phoenix: The Community Dynamics of the Development Process in the Arcadia Neighborhood

This article highlights the role that neighborhood activism plays in the development process. The article particularly highlights the Arcadia Camelback Neighborhood Association's (ACMNA) fight against, and collaboration with, developers at the intersection of 44th Street and Camelback Road in Phoenix, AZ, where issues of place, community empowerment, and attitudes of not-in-my-back- yard (NIMBYism) played out. The role of neighborhood activism is evaluated using interview, survey, and archival data, including news media reports and meeting minutes, with regards to the ACMNA and struggles to stave off development. The results of the research point out that the community is essential in shaping the development process and that without community support including collaboration between communities and developers, major development projects face a difficult road to completion, this is particularly evident when wealthy neighborhood NIMBY campaigns are at the forefront of the debate over development.     

Data-Driven Organizing: A Community–University Partnership to Address Vacant and Abandoned Property

Vacant and abandoned properties adversely affect the physical, mental, social, and economic health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. This article describes a community–university partnership that combined a multimethod data collection strategy with a novel community-based participatory intervention research model (i.e., data-driven organizing) to address the vacancy problem. The project assessed the conditions of over 1,500 properties in an economically disadvantaged, predominantly African American neighborhood in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and mobilized residents to use an existing policy mechanism to ameliorate the impact of property vacancy in the community.