Neighborhood Norms,Disadvantage, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration

Most theoretical treatments of intimate partner violence (IPV) focus on individual‐level processes. More recently, scholars have begun to examine the role of macrolevel factors. Results of that research indicate that social ties facilitate the diffusion of cultural norms—including tolerance of deviance/violence—across neighborhoods. Yet the influence of the neighborhood normative climate extends beyond norms regarding the use of violence, shaping cultural understanding about dating and the opposite sex. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), the current investigation examines the multilevel association between dating norms and IPV perpetration among a large, diverse sample of adolescents and young adults. Results indicate that individuals’ liberal dating attitudes are associated with IPV perpetration. Furthermore, this effect varies across levels of neighborhood disadvantage.     

城市社区居委会的功能偏差分析

在中国建立社会主义市场经济体制的同时,城市基层社会管理体制也由单位制向社区居民自治转变。社区自治要求改变原有的高度行政化的城市基层管理机制,突出社区居民委员会在社区管理中的作用,使其成为能胜任自我管理、自我教育、自我服务、自我监督的社区自治组织。通过对哈尔滨市社区居委会的现状调查,社区居委会作为社区自治的核心载体存在着非自治特征及功能偏差现象,阻碍了社区居民自治的实现,并分析了功能偏差产生的原因,探究了社区居委会自治功能回归的思路。     

Fostering supportive interactions in the neighbourhood: Using visualized narratives

The use of art (e.g. visualized narratives) in social work may stimulate dialogue between community members about family support in their neighbourhood. The Visualized Narratives on Parenting Interactions in the Neighbourhood (VN-PIN) were developed in order to foster this dialogue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of the VN-PIN in social work practice and to gain insight in mechanisms that stimulate dialogues supported by visualizations. A qualitative process evaluation was conducted to explore the use of the VN-PIN in various urban settings. We observed meetings (N = 14) where the VN-PIN was applied and interviewed professionals and community members (N = 81). The results of this study show that the VN-PIN intervention gives parents a voice and allows them to recognize and reflect on their own parenting behaviour, thereby contributing to mutual exchanges in a supportive community. The conclusion of this study is that the VN-PIN is a useful intervention that social work professionals can use to foster dialogues about parenting within diverse contexts in super-diverse neighbourhoods. The intervention fosters a supportive structure to share experiences of various community members. Future research is needed to further evaluate the experiences and satisfaction of community members with the intervention.     

Ethnic Community and Ethnic Boundaries in a “Sauce‐Scented Neighborhood”1

This article investigates the problem of ethnic boundary making in a changing context. Our case is Boston’s North End, a historically Italian neighborhood undergoing changes to its social and physical environment, making the ethnic definition of neighborhood identity and belonging more difficult though not less salient. Consequently, participants in the workings of the neighborhood—residents, business owners, politicians—face challenges of both boundary placement (who is Italian and who is not?), as well as cultural content (what does it mean to be “Italian”?). Rather than viewing Italian ethnicity as simply weakening over time, we argue that the North End shows ethnicity is in a stage of category divergence, where the still‐dominant ethnic identity is juxtaposed not against another ethnic out‐group, but at various times against boundaries of class and race, commercial and community values, even city political boundaries. Drawing on ethnographic research and in‐depth interviews, we describe three group identity frames that illustrate these processes and reveal how Italian ethnicity continues to animate discourse and action in the neighborhood.     

汉代邻里关系研究

汉代统治阶级对于邻里关系重视有加。其表现方式既有邻里间的相互帮助、相互理解,还有在危难之时的慷慨解囊、扶危济困。邻里之间亦有相互侮辱、彼此争斗甚而兵刃相见的现象,更有一些人因种种原因而不愿意与邻居往来。邻里关系较多地反映了传统的小农意识。     

Welfare Leavers and Returners

ABSTRACT

This study compares representative samples from a mid-Atlantic state of people who left the TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families Program) rolls in 2002 and people who returned to TANF in this same year, after being off the rolls. Previous studies showed that the work lives of the welfare poor are more stressful than those in the primary job market. Findings of this study show the quality of life of respondents was particularly related to resource deprivations, and neighborhood conditions, while suggesting relationships to employment barriers and child well-being. Returners report more barriers to employment and neighborhood issues than leavers.     

Removing Barriers to the Use of Community Information Systems

Abstract

Community information systems (CINS) are emerging as important tools for community, government, and educational organizations. This paper considers the training, evaluation, and outreach efforts relating to the Philadelphia Neighborhood Information System (NIS), a collection of online applications that integrate and distribute housing and demographic data. It presents an overview of the types of NIS users and uses and some specific examples ofhow the NISisbeing used for individual property inquiries, community surveys, needs assessments, and research. Finally, the paper discusses the barriers to more analytical uses and offers recommendations for social work education aimed at preparing social workers to support community organizations in their efforts to harness the potential of CINS for social change.     

南京国民政府时期县级以下行政区划的变动——以浙江省为例

南京国民政府成立后，为确立及加强对基层政治的控制，对基层政治制度进行了一系列的改造，对县级以下行政机构的构建和改革是其基层政治革新的重点所在。由于国家对乡村基层政治控制力的薄弱，南京国民政府时期县以下行政区划变动频繁。这一时期行政变动最为明显地表现为区、乡镇与保甲三者之间地位的确立与性质，以及他们三者之间的互相关系。     

Exploring the Dynamics of Middle-Aged and Older Adult Residents' Perceptions of Neighborhood Safety

This study examined what variables best predict concerns about neighborhood safety among middle-aged and older adults. Eighty-five participants were selected from a Midwestern urban area. Participants completed a 22-item questionnaire that assessed their perceptions of neighborhood safety and vigilance. These items were clustered as: (a) community care and vigilance, (b) safety concerns, (c) physical incivilities, and (d) social incivilities. Police crime data were also used in the analyses. Our findings suggest that aspects of the broken window theory, collective efficacy, and place attachments play a role in affecting residents' perceptions of neighborhood safety.     

从上海实践分析居民自治的环境和路径

上海居民自治的大量活动案例表明,组织化、项目化、个案化是其主要的阶段性特征。如何将局部的、阶段性的自治典型案例,朝着普遍的、覆盖社区生活全过程的方向推进,是当前完善基层治理、促进社区和谐稳定的迫切需求。近期现实可行的增强居民区自治功能的主要对策,一是将社工站的职责定位为协助居委会开展自治为主,而非承接行政事务为主,减轻居民区工作班子的过重负担,并改革对居委会的考核机制,形成有利于其集中精力开展自治的外部环境;二是提升居民区工作人员整体素质,区分不同性质,吸引更多具有组织协调和宣传动员能力的居民,通过选举或聘用成为居委会成员或专职党务工作者、社工,形成能够普遍有效组织居民开展自治的工作骨干队伍;三是有序培育社区服务型的社会组织,给予居民区楼组、社区文体活动团队、社区公益型社会组织进一步的支持,夯实居民自治的群众基础。